Question 1

Osteosarcoma represent ____% of bone tumors

Accepted Answer

38

Question 2

Osteosarcoma predominant in __ and ___; occurs in seniors with ___ history

Accepted Answer

adolescents and young adults; radiation therapy

Question 3

Osteosarcomas contain:

Accepted Answer

Contain masses of osteoids: Bone-forming tumors Streamers: Noncalcified bone matrix and callus

Question 4

Where are osteosarcoma located?

Accepted Answer

In the metaphyses of the long bones; 50% occur around the knees

Question 5

Osteosarcoma Clinical manifestations

Accepted Answer

pain + swelling

Question 6

Osteosarcoma Tx

Accepted Answer

Systemic chemotherapy and surgery

Question 7

Chondrosarcoma produces ___

Accepted Answer

cartilage or chondroid.

Question 8

Chondrosarcoma affects which age group?

Accepted Answer

Is a tumor of middle-aged and older adults.

Question 9

Chondrosarcoma infiltrates ____ and is frequently found where?

Accepted Answer

Infiltrates trabeculae in spongy bone; is frequently in the metaphyses or diaphysis of long bones.

Question 10

Chondrosarcoma contains ___

Accepted Answer

Contains lobules of hyaline cartilage that expand and enlarge the bone with no ossification.

Question 11

Chondrosarcoma causes erosion of the ___ and can expand into ___

Accepted Answer

Causes erosion of the cortex and can expand into the neighboring soft tissues.

Question 12

Chondrosarcoma S/S

Accepted Answer

pain + swelling

Question 13

Chondrosarcoma Tx

Accepted Answer

Wide surgical excision

Question 14

Are firm, fibrous masses of collagen, malignant fibroblasts, and osteoclast-like cells.

Accepted Answer

Fibrosarcoma

Question 15

Fibrosarcoma usually affects ____

Accepted Answer

the metaphyses of the femur or tibia.

Question 16

Metastasis to the lungs is common with which bone tumor?

Accepted Answer

Fibrosarcoma

Question 17

Fibrosarcoma S/S

Accepted Answer

Pain, swelling, local tenderness, palpable mass, and limitation of motion; pathologic fracture

Question 18

Fibrosarcoma Tx

Accepted Answer

Radical surgery and amputation

Question 19

Myelogenic tumors Develop from various ____

Accepted Answer

bone marrow cells

Question 20

Giant cell tumor causes what?

Accepted Answer

Causes extensive bone resorption as a result of the osteoclastic origin.

Question 21

Giant cell tumor is located in:

Accepted Answer

the epiphyses of femur, tibia, radius, or humerus.

Question 22

What is the Giant cell tumor growth rate? Does it usually metastasize?

Accepted Answer

Has slow and relentless growth rate; metastasis is rare.

Question 23

Giant cell tumor S/S

Accepted Answer

Pain, local swelling, and limitation of movement.

Question 24

Giant cell tumor Tx

Accepted Answer

Cryosurgery and resection with adjuvant polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for bone grafts.

Question 25

Noninflammatory joint disease is differentiated by:

Accepted Answer

Absence of synovial membrane inflammation Lack of systemic signs and symptoms Normal synovial fluid

Question 26

Arthropathies = diseases of ___

Accepted Answer

the joints

Question 27

Osteoarthritis is an _____ disease

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory joint disease

Question 28

Common age-related disorder of synovial joints =

Accepted Answer

osteoarthritis

Question 29

Also called degenerative joint disease

Accepted Answer

osteoarthritis

Question 30

Osteoarthritis characteristics

Accepted Answer

Loss of articular cartilage, sclerosis of underlying bone, and formation of bone spurs (osteophytes) Local areas of damage and loss of articular cartilage, new bone formation of joint margins, and thickening of joint capsule

Question 31

is the incidence of OA related to age?

Accepted Answer

yes; incidence increases with age

Question 32

OA Clinical Manifestations

Accepted Answer

Pain, stiffness, enlargement of the joint, tenderness, limited motion, and deformity Joint swelling in the fingers: Heberden and Bouchard nodes Joint effusion: Exudate or blood entering the joint

Question 33

OA Tx

Accepted Answer

Rest of involved joint until inflammation subsides Aerobic exercise and range-of-motion exercise Cane, crutches, or walker Weight loss, if obese Analgesic and antiinflammatory drug Magnetic bracelets and acupuncture Intraarticular injection of high–molecular-weight viscosupplements, particularly hyaluronic acid Surgery: Joint replacement

Question 34

Classic Inflammatory Joint Disease commonly called ____

Accepted Answer

arthritis

Question 35

What occurs with arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory damage or destruction in the synovial membrane or articular cartilage

Question 36

Systemic signs of inflammation include:

Accepted Answer

Fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, and hyperfibrinogenemia

Question 37

arthritis can be infectious or non-infectious T/F

Accepted Answer

TRUE

Question 38

RA is what type of disease?

Accepted Answer

inflammatory joint

Question 39

Systemic autoimmune destruction to synovial membrane and joints occurs with ____

Accepted Answer

RA

Question 40

In RA, there is joint fluid with ____ exudate

Accepted Answer

inflammatory

Question 41

What distinguishes RA?

Accepted Answer

Presence of rheumatoid factors (RFs): RA or RF test Antibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) against antibodies

Question 42

Clinical manifestations of RA:

Accepted Answer

Symmetric joint swelling, joint deformities Rheumatoid nodules in organs Caplan syndrome Autoantibodies RF Significantly more specific serum marker, anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) Present for years to decades before synovial or radiographic changes become apparent

Question 43

RA presents w/ (symmetric/asymmetric) joint swelling, joint deformities

Accepted Answer

symmetric

Question 44

What is the significantly more specific serum marker for RA? When does it present in relation to synovial and radiographic changes?

Accepted Answer

anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) Present for years to decades before synovial or radiographic changes become apparent

Question 45

What is included in the evaluation for RA? How many must be present?

Accepted Answer

(four or more of the following) Morning joint stiffness lasting at least 1 hour Arthritis of three or more joint areas Arthritis of the hand joints Symmetric arthritis Rheumatoid nodules Abnormal amounts of serum RF Radiographic changes

Question 46

RA Tx

Accepted Answer

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate (MTX, first line), azathioprine, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, and cyclosporine Biological DMARDs (bDMARDs): Medications affect specific processes in the development of RA: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors Monoclonal antibodies Education Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, intraarticular steroid injections Physical and occupational therapy with therapeutic exercise and use of assistive devices Surgery: Synovectomy or joint replacement

Question 47

Uncontrolled bone formation is characteristic of ____

Accepted Answer

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 48

What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic inflammatory joint disease of the spine or sacroiliac joints, causing stiffening and fusion of the joints

Question 49

[](http://)Ankylosing Spondylitis cause is unknown but there is a strong association with ____

Accepted Answer

human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27)

Question 50

what is the primary proposed site for Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Accepted Answer

Enthesis: Where ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule are inserted into bone

Question 51

What is the progression of Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Accepted Answer

Begins with inflammation of the fibrocartilage, particularly in the vertebrae and sacroiliac joint. Inflammatory cells infiltrate and erode the fibrocartilage. As repair begins, scar tissue ossifies and calcifies; the joint eventually fuses.

Question 52

Ankylosing Spondylitis Clinical manifestations

Accepted Answer

Low back pain, stiffness, pain, and restricted motion, “bamboo” spine Loss of normal lumbar curvature

Question 53

Bamboo spine is a/w ____

Accepted Answer

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 54

you lose normal ___ curvature with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Accepted Answer

lumbar

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

1: Musculoskeletal (Part 3) 101-150 Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM