1- Motivations for outdoor experiences

Question 1

Define NATURE

Answer 1

The living things, the ecosystems and the processes that form them, and the places in which we find all of these.

Question 2

define natural and three examples

Answer 2

something that occurs naturally and is not influenced by humans. Tree, Koala, Rainforest ect.

Question 3

define unnatural and three examples

Answer 3

something natural that only occurs because of human influence. rose garden, ski slope, introduced rabbits ect.

Question 4

define artificial and three examples

Answer 4

something made by humans. a car, a computer, artificial sweetener etc.

Question 5

define ecosystem

Answer 5

a community of interdependent species and their environment.

Question 6

define WILDERNESS and the three key parts

Answer 6

An environment that is big, remote and untouched (or relatively untouched by humans.
Big- big enough to be self-sufficient, usually 2000+ hectares.
remote- not easily accessed from large population centres, far and no easy transport
untouched- undamaged or unmodified by humans.

Question 7

urban environments define and examples

Answer 7

areas of permanent infrastructure designed to support higher population densities such as towns and cities.

Question 8

built environments define and examples

Answer 8

areas that have been created or modified by people including buildings, parks, and transport systems.

Question 9

protected areas list

Answer 9

World heritage protected area
national park
wilderness park
marine parks
state parks
local/ metropolitan parks

Question 10

types of outdoor environments list

Answer 10

Alps
Grassland
Heathland
Mallee
Dry forest and woodlands
Wet forests and rainforest
Inland waters and wetlands
coast and marine environments

Question 11

intrinsic motivations define (type of motivation)

Answer 11

motivations we get from within ourselves, for example- a good feeling you get, personal satisfaction, challenge etc.

Question 12

extrinsic motivation define (type of motivation)

Answer 12

Motivations we get from outside ourselves, which as external to us, for example- money, competition or authority.

Question 13

Motivations for outdoor experiences 4

Answer 13

1- Competence/Mastery
2- Stimulus avoidance
3- Socialisation
4- Cognitive reward

Question 14

Competence/mastery motivation examples

Answer 14

being the first
being competent
setting a record
building strength

Question 15

Stimulus avoidance motivation examples

Answer 15

escape from everyday life
health and wellbeing
being alone
do something to avoid doing something else

Question 16

Socialisation

Answer 16

social benefits
personal and social development
community
growth and independence

Question 17

Cognitive reward

Answer 17

learning something new
achievment
adrenalin rush
experinecing flow
proving yourself

Question 18

Define flow

Answer 18

you feel at one with the world, no worries, completely focused and engrossed in the activity, happy

Question 19

positive responses to outdoor environments list of examples

Answer 19

appreciation
awe
contemplation
inspiration
exhilaration
connection
curiosity

Question 20

negative responses to outdoor environments list of examples

Answer 20

fear
revulsion
curiosity

Question 21

factors that influence personal responses (list)

Answer 21

age
background
education 
experience
culture
media
religion
socioeconomic background

Question 22

ways of experiencing and responding to outdoor environments (4)

Answer 22

1- A resource
2- recreation and adventure
3- a spiritual connection
4- a study site

Question 23

outdoor environments as a RESOURCE define and example

Answer 23

using outdoor environments to aid humans and is often a source of income. Food, water, materials for shelter, timber, mining, agriculture, farming, tourism etc.
could be a negative response if leads to increased exploitation and destruction.

Question 24

outdoor environments as a RECREATION AND ADVENTURE define and example

Answer 24

an activity that is done for fun and enjoyment and a challenge, provide time to reflect and appreciate and respect the environment. Rock climbing, hiking, cycling, skiing etc.

Question 25

outdoor environments as a SPIRITUAL CONNECTION define and example

Answer 25

finding a sense of place, connecting on a deeper level, being in sync. indigenous Australians are known to have a spiritual connection to the land and specific places. could be standing on top of a mountain or listening to the waves crash.

Question 26

outdoor environments as a STUDY SITE define and example

Answer 26

a place of investigation, analysis, observation, testing, etc. Such as students, scientists, land managers to better understand the changes over time.

Question 27

ways of knowing outdoor environment list (3)

Answer 27

experiential knowledge
environmental and natural history
ecological, social, and economic perspective

Question 28

experiential knowledge def- way of knowing

Answer 28

obtaining knowledge through experience, visiting and getting involved to form a direct relationship. own experience and deep understanding through personal experience. example?

Question 29

environmental and natural history def- way of knowing

Answer 29

knowledge of the environment over time such as climate, weather, changes in landscape and flora/fauna. able to reflect on past changes and predict future changes. example?

Question 30

ecological, social, and economic perspective def- way of knowing

Answer 30

living organisms and physical surroundings in ecosystems knowledge that is not immediately obvious. how society as a large group reacts to greater knowledge on what activities are successful or not. And for resources and income opportunities such as tourism and farming know how to make money.

Question 31

types of risks (3)

Answer 31

1- environmental risks- originate from the environment such as weather, terrain, flora/fauna and shelter
2- risks associated with people- all people involved such as skills, knowledge, health, fitness and emotions
3- risks associated with equipment- specialised equipment used such as canoes, bikes, tents, climbing ropes, helmets and stoves.