Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physics IGCSE > 1) Motion Forces and Energy > Flashcards

1) Motion Forces and Energy Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

scalar quantity

A

A scalar quantity is a quantity that has magnitude (size) only. Examples of scalars: distance, speed, time, mass, energy and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vector quantity

A

A vector quantity is a quantity has magnitude and direction. Examples of vectors: force, weight, velocity, acceleration, momentum, electric field strength and gravitational field strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

speed

A

Speed is the distance travelled per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acceleration

A

Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

velocity

A

Velocity is the speed in a given direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Average speed

A

Average speed is defined as total distance / Total time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Free-fall

A

An object is in free-fall when it is moving only under the influence of the earth’s gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acceleration of free fall

A

It is a value of the acceleration of free fall (g). On Earth, this value of g for any object that is near the surface is approximately constant at 9.8m/s2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mass

A

Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter in an object at rest relative to the observer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weight

A

Weight is defined as a gravitational force on an object that has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gravitational field strength

A

ravitational field strength is the force per unit mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spring constant

A

Spring constant is defined as the force per unit extension. Its formula is: k=F/x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

density:

A

Density is defined as the mass per unit volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Limit of proportionality:

A

It is a point beyond which the spring crosses its elastic limit and becomes permanently deformed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Newtons second law:

A

It states that, for a body of constant mass “m” and net force “F”, we can state that F = ma, where F ( net force) and a (acceleration)/ Both are vector quantities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Circular motion

A

Circular motion is defined as the movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or the rotation of an object along a circular path.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Solid friction

A

Solid friction as the force between two surfaces that may impede motion and produce heating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drag force

A

It is a force acting in a direction that is opposite to the relative motion of the object moving with respect to the surrounding fluid. Fluid refers to liquids and gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Moment of a force

A

It is a measure of the turning effect of a force. Formula is moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot. The SI unit of moment of a force is Nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Principle of moments

A

For an object in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point and the net force acting on it is zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Centre of gravity

A

It is a point at which the weight of a body or system is supposed to be concentrated. In uniform gravity it is the same as the centre of mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Momentum

A

Momentum=mass × velocity; recall and use the equation p = mv. The SI unit of momentum is kgm/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Impulse

A

orce × change in time. [ it is the time for which force acts]. The Si unit of impulse is Newton-second (Ns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

State the Principle of conservation of momentum

A

When 2 or more bodies interact (collide) in an isolated system, the total momentum stays the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define Resultant force
A resultant force is the change in momentum per unit time. The unit is Newtons (N)
26
Define Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by an object, by virtue of its motion is called as kinetic energy.
27
Define Gravitational potential energy
mgh
28
Define Chemical energy
The energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds is called as the chemical energy.
29
Define Elastic (Strain energy):
Strain energy is the energy stored in an object due to its deformation.
30
Define Electrostatic energy
It refers to the potential energy of a system of separated electric charges
31
Define Internal (Thermal) energy
The energy of a thermodynamic system is its internal energy. It is the energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules
32
State the Principle of conservation of energy
Principle of conservation of energy states that " Energy can never be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another. The total amount of energy in a system stays the same.
33
Define Work
Work is= Force x displacement. Here the displacement is in the direction of the force. Unit of work is Joule.
34
Define One Joule
One Joule refers to the work done by a force of 1 Newton, when it displaces a body through 1m in the direction of the force applied.
35
Define Solar cells [ Photovoltaic cells]:
This refers to cells that are capable of converting light energy to electrical energy through photovoltaic effect
36
Define Wind energy:
The energy of the naturally flowing air that is used to generate electricity is called as wind energy.
37
Define Renewable energy resources:
This is the type of energy that comes from resources that are easily replenished. Example: Energy from the sun, wind, etc.
38
Define Non-renewable energy:
This is the type of energy that comes from resources that are easily not easily replenished. Example: Energy from fossil fuels
39
Define Percentage Efficiency:
Percentage efficiency= {[ Useful energy output] /Total energy input]} x 100 or { [ Useful power output] /Total power input]} x 100
40
Define Power
Power is defined as the work done per unit time of power is defined as the energy transferred per unit time.SI unit power is Watts (W)
41
Define Pressure:
Pressure is defined as the force per unit area.SI unit of pressure if Pascals (Pa). Formula for calculating pressure due to solids=Force/Area; While the formula to calculate the pressure exerted due to liquids is=hpg. Where h is the height of the liquid column, p is the density of the liquid and g is the gravitational field strength.
42
Kinetic
Moving objects have energy in their kinetic store
43
Gravitational
Objects gain energy in their gravitaional potential store when they are lifted through a gravitational field
44
Elastic
Objects have energy in their elastic potential store if they are streched, squashed or bent.
45
Magnetic
Magnetic materials interacting with each other have energy in their magnetic store.
46
Electrostatic
Objects with charge (like electrons and protons) interacting with one another have energy in their electrostatic store.
47
Chemical
Chemical reactions transfer energy into or away from a substances chemical store.
48
Nuclear
Atomic nuclei relases energy from their nuclear store during nuclear reactions
49
thermal
All objects have energy in their thermal stores; the hotter the object the more energy it has in their store.
50
Mechanical Working
When a force acts on an object
51
Electrical working
A charge moving through a potential difference (eg: Current)
52
Heating (by particles)
Energy is transferred from a hotter object to a colder one (Eg: conductions)
53
Heating (by radiation)
Energy transferred by the EMS waves (eg: visible light)
54
Advantages and DIsadvantages of Solar energy
A: - No pollution - Free Energy source D: - Doesnt work at night - Doesnt work well in winter
55
Advantages and DIsadvantages of Wind Energy
A: - No pollution - Free Energy Source D: - Nosiy - Can kill birds - Needs large land space
56
Advantages and DIsadvantages ًWave Energy
A: - No pollution - Free enrgy source D: - Difficult installation - May affect shipping
57
Advantages and DIsadvantages Tidal Energy
A; - No pollution - Free Energy source D: - Difficult maintenance - May affect shipping - Expensive
58
Advantages and DIsadvantages Hydroelectric Energy
A; - No pollution - Free Energy source D; - May flood behind the dams - May effect boat routes
59
Advantages and DIsadvantages Bio mass energy
A: - USe waste products - Abundant D: - Can produce methane greenhouse gases - Can be smelly
60
Advantages and DIsadvantages Geo thermal Energy
A: - Little pollution - Free energy source D: - nly available in some parts of the world - The heat used up after few years.
61
Advantages and DIsadvantages Nuclear Energy
A: - Can produce electricty - Does pollute the atmosphere D: - Generate radioactive waste materials with very long half life - Places for safe dumping or storing - Expensive
62
Advantages and DIsadvantages Fossil FUels
A: - Oil useful in petrol - A raw material for most plastics D: - Limited supplies - Waste gases pollute the atmosphere.
63
Non Renewable Energy
Sources that will run out
64
Renewable Energy
Sources that will never run out
65
Newtons Third LAw
Every action has an oppositie reaction
66
Terminal velocity
Acceleration due to weight speed and drag increases acceleration decreases when drag = weight there is no resultant force and then speed decreases

Physics IGCSE (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions