1-Mitosis

Question 1

mitosis and meiosis vs cytokinesis

Answer 1

Mitosis & Meiosis = nuclear divisions

cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

longest part of a cell’s life

• cell is performing its normal functions
  
  • being a skin cell, lung cell, liver cell, etc.
• where the cell will start to prepare to divide if given the signal
• cells spend most of their time in interphase

Question 3

what are the 3 phases to interphase

Answer 3

1. G1 phase
2. S phase
3. G2 phase

Question 4

G1 Stage

Answer 4

• if cell is signaled to start dividing, the cell begins:
  
  • obtains energy reserves
  • growing
  • duplicating organelles
  • accumulating nucleotides

Oh
God
Damn
Assholes
(THIS IS AN ACRONYM)

Question 5

S phase/stage

Answer 5

• S=synthesis
• this is when DNA replicates!!
  
  • sister chromatids are formed

Question 6

semi-conservative DNA replication

Answer 6

each daughter DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand

Question 7

G2 Stage

Answer 7

• final preparations are made before the cell devices
• may be additional growth
• more organelles may be duplicated

Question 8

phases of mitosis

Answer 8

Prophase → Prometaphase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase
(and then cytokinesis)

Question 9

prophase

Answer 9

chromosomes condense, and mitotic spindle begins to form

Question 10

prometaphase

Answer 10

nuclear envelop breaks down. Spindle fibers contact chromosomes at kinetochore

Question 11

metaphase

Answer 11

chromosomes complete migration to middle of cell

Question 12

anaphase

Answer 12

a=apart
sister chromatids separate. Ungraded to chromosomes. chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

Question 13

telophase

Answer 13

nuclear envelope reforms, spindle apparatus disintegrates. DNA starts to decondense

Question 14

cohesions

Answer 14

protein rings (3 smaller proteins) that holds the sister chromatids together until the signal is given, found on teh centromere

Question 15

Microtubules

Answer 15

moves the duplicated chromosomes to the poles (usually used to transport vesicles and move flagella)

Question 16

Kinetochore proteins

Answer 16

sites where microtubules connect to the chromosomes; form an interface; found on the centromere

Question 17

Nuclear Lamins

Answer 17

a mesh of intermediate filaments that gives the nucleus its shape

Question 18

Condensins

Answer 18

proteins condenses the chromosomes at the beginning of cell division