1 - Measurements Flashcards
A comparison between a known or standard quantity vs. an unknown quantity.
Measurements
This is a figure formed by two rays or lines sharing a common endpoint.
Angle
The word angle came from the word ________, meaning _______.
Angulus, corner
What do you call two rays of an angle?
Sides
This is a common endpoint of two rays
Vertex
How many letters can be used in labelling an angle?
3
Angles can be measured positively (counterclockwise) or negatively (clockwise) if examined from a ___________.
Line
What type of angle goes in a counterclockwise direction?
Positive angle
What type of angle goes in a clockwise direction?
Negative angle
An angle less than 90°
Acute angle
An angle at exactly 90°
Right angle
An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°
Obtuse angle
An angle at exactly 180°
Straight angle
An angle greater than 180° but less than 360°
Reflex angle
Measuring exactly 360°; a full circle
Full angle
Considered as uncertainties in measurement, occurring in two types
Errors
An error caused by an instrument or a measuring technique
Systematic error
This is a chance difference between the observed measurement and the actual value of a physical quantity
Can also occur in two types: environmental and observational
Random error
A kind of random error that involves a differing measurement from the actual value due to a misread by the observer (lower meniscus)
Parallax error
Refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value
Accuracy
Refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other
Precision
Data measurements are NOT exact values because of the limitations in the measuring instrument and the observer’s skill in making the instrument.
True
Inclusion of all known digits and one digit that is estimated to introduce uncertainty
Significant figures
S/NS: All nonzero digits are _________ .
S
T/F: Since exact numbers have an infinite number of figures, they do not have any certainty.
True
T/F: In every measurement, errors exist.
True
A ratio of the uncertainty to the measured quantity.
Relative uncertainty
Calculated to quantitatively describe errors in the measurement or deviation from the actual or true value.
Percent deviation, Percent error
How the precision of a measurement can be determined.
Percent difference
2 reasons why sigfigs are important so that the precision of a value does not exceed either
Precision of the equipment used to obtain it
The least precise number used in a calculation
