1. Maternal and infant public health Flashcards
What are aspects of the birth experience
Socio cultural context
Housing and sanitation
Family and peer support
Infrastructure
what are the dates for the 3 trimesters of pregnancy?
1st trimester - upto 12 weeks
2nd trimester - upto 28 weeks
3rd trimester - 28 weeks+
What is meant by maternal health
The health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. It encompasses the health care dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal and postnatal care in order to ensure a positive and fulfilling experience
How to we measure improved maternal health (what are the goals)
Target 5A: reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio. Indicators: maternal mortality ratio, proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Target 5b: ace hive, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health. Indicators: contraceptive prevalence rate, adolescent birth rate, antenatal care coverage and family planning
How is the maternal mortality ratio calculated?
(All maternal deaths occurring within a reference period) Divided by (the Total number of live births occurring within the reference period) x 100000
This represents the risk associated with each pregnancy
What is the maternal mortality ratio
REPRESENTS THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH EACH PREGNANCY (I.E. THE RISK OF DYING ONCE PREGNANT)
What are the pros and cons of the maternal mortality ratio
Pros
- good indicator of general population health plus status of women.
- Advocacy purpose,
- you can get missing data through different methods
Cons-
- dose not include all pregnancies in denominator, - difficult to get data required.
- Doesn’t detail causes of mortality
What is the difference between maternal death and late maternal death
Maternal death: death of a women while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy ( excluding accidental or incidental causes) can be indirect or direct
Late: indirect or direct casues over 42 days but less than 1 year post pregnancy
What are the main causes of matneral mortality worldwide
Preexisting medical condition exacerbated by pregnancy Severe bleeding pregnancy induced high BP Infections Obstructed labour Abortion complications
What are the leading causes for maternal deaths in the uk
Thrombosis/thromboembolism = direct death
Maternal suicide is the 3rd largest cause of direct maternal death
why do women die due to pregnancy?
- Lack of antenatal care
- Lack of intra- partum care
- Lack of intra- partum care
- POVERTY
- DISTANCE
- LACK OF INFORMATION
- INADEQUATE SERVICES
- CULTURAL PRACTICES
What are the phases of delay “too far to walk” theory of maternal death
Phase 1 delay: a delay in deciding to seek care
Phase 2: a delay in reaching an adequate health care facility
Phase 3: a delay in receiving adequate care once at a facility
What can be done about maternal mortality
- Addressing inequalities in access to and quality of care
- Ensuring universal health coverage for comprehensive care
- Addressing all causes of maternal mortality and strength in health systems to collect high quality data in order to respond to the needs and priorities of women
- strengthening health systems to collect high quality data in order to respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls
- Ensuring accountability in order to improve the quality of care
What are some key morbidities related to pregnancy
Baby- birth injury leading to disability
Mother- psychological postnatal period
Discuss neonatal mortality
Rate= number of deaths in first 28 days of life per 1000 live births
Around half of neonatal death occurs in the first 24 hours
Key: safe birth techniques, resuscitation training and equipment, challenging risky traditional practices
