1- Law Of The Sea (UNCLOS)

Question 1

1945 Truman Declaration on the Continental Shelf

Answer 1

• declaration regarding coastal state jurisdiction and sole rights to natural resources

Question 2

Resolution 1803

Answer 2

permanent sovereignty over natural resources

Question 3

Resolution 3281

Answer 3

economic right to dispose as you wish

Question 4

UNCLOS Article 2 - sovereignty

Answer 4

• Sovereignty extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea- the ‘territorial sea’
• Also extends to airspace over territorial sea as well as its bed and subsoil

Question 5

UNCLOS Article 3 - territorial sea breadth

Answer 5

Every state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea
- to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles

Question 6

Article 40- territorial sea- outer limit

Answer 6

Outer limit of territorial sea is the line every point of which is at a distance from baseline equal to breadth

Question 7

UNCLOS Article 55 - EEZ

Answer 7

Defines EEZ as ‘area beyond but adjacent to the territorial sea

Question 8

UNCLOS Article 76- continental shelf

Answer 8

Defined as ‘the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea… or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines’

Question 9

What rights to coastal states have over EEZ?

Answer 9

• Right to resources in the water as well as in and on the subsoil - this includes petroleum deposits in the underground

Question 10

What right does the coastal state have over continental shelf?

Answer 10

• if continental shelf extends beyond the EEZ- the coastal state has right to all non-living resources in and on the subsoil.

Question 11

What are the four main pillars of the Energy Charter Treaty?

Answer 11

• FREE TRADE in energy materials, products and energy-related materials
• Protection and promotion of foreign ENERGY INVESTMENTS, based on principles of national treatment and dispute resolution
• Freedom of TRANSIT of energy goods, through pipeline and grids
• Energy EFFICIENCY by reducing the impact of the energy cycle on the environment.

Question 12

What is the aim of the Energy Charter Treaty?

Answer 12

To provide a multilateral framework for energy cooperation.

Question 13

What year was the Energy Charter Treaty?

Answer 13

1994

Question 14

What was the aim of the Hydrocarbon Directive

Answer 14

To prevent national discrimination in granting licenses for petroleum exploration

Question 15

What was the Aim of the Third Energy Package 2009

Answer 15

To complete the liberalisation of the EU’s gas and electricity markets.