1: Laboratory Safety Flashcards
What are the 5 Safety Risks?
- Biological Hazard (Biohazard)
- Fire Hazard
- Chemical Hazard
- Electrical Hazard
- Radioactive Hazard
Agencies that compiled GUIDELINES to ensure safety in clinical laboratory
- OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
- CDC (Centers for Disease and Control)
- CAP (College of American Pathology)
- JC ( Joint Commission)
Who published the Standards for Blood-borne Pathogens in the Federal Registry in 1991
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
What did OSHA published in the Federal Registry in 1991 and are updated periodically
Standards for Blood-borne Pathogens
5 Infection Routes
- Airborne
- Ingestion
- Direct Inoculation
- Mucous Membrane Contact
- Arthropod Vectors
- Centrifugation of unstoppered tubes
- Heating cultures or specimens too rapidly
- Removing stoppers from tubes
- Leakage from a container that holds contaminated specimens
Airborne
Failure to wash hands or eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or pipetting with the mouth
Ingestion
Needle sticks, broken glass, animal bites, or small scratches on the fingers
Direct Inoculation
Conjunctiva of the eye
Mucous Membrane Contact
Ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes
Arthropod Vectors
- Applicable to all types of Hazards
- By law, it is required for companies to have this
Exposure Control Plan
It describes the risk of exposure to infectious agents for all job classifications and explains exposure-reduction methods.
Exposure Control Plan
6 Procedures and Documentations of ECP
- Safety Education
- Universal Precautions and Standard Precautions
- Engineering Controls
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Disposal of Hazardous Waste
- Post-exposure Procedures
Develop program, orientation of laboratory employees, preparation of a laboratory safety manual, and the development and implementation of the exposure plan
Laboratory Safety Officer
Orientation of new employees and continuing education for current employees regarding laboratory safe policies
Safety Education
All safety must be?
Documented
Information about safety education may be compiled within a?
Safety Manual
Readily available to all individuals in the laboratory setting
Safety Manual
When is Safety Manual reviewed and revised?
Periodically, as needed
Universal Precautions is introduced by who in what year?
CDC, 1987
Recommendations that describe the handling of clinical specimens by health care personnel
Universal Precautions
According to ____, Universal Precautions is a set of preventive measures designed to reduce risk of transferring HIV, Hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare setting
CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)
This apply to human blood and other body fluids that contain VISIBLE BLOOD
Universal Precautions
What precautions is it called if the body fluids like feces, nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, urine and vomit contains visible blood
Universal Precautions
A set of preventive measures applied to all patients that are designed to reduce risk of infection in healthcare setting
Standard Precautions
In this precautions, all blood, tissue, body fluids, secretions, and excretions (except sweat) are considered potentially infectious
Standard Precautions
if the body fluids contain NO VISIBLE BLOOD, is it considered as Universal Precautions or Standard Precautions?
Standard Precautions
What is the basic premise of Standard Precautions?
Because the infectivity of any patient’s blood and body fluids cannot be known, patient blood and body fluid specimens must be treated as if they are potentially infectious.
2 puncture resistant biohazard containers
- Sharps Container
- Safety Puncture Box
Where should you dispose tubes and barrels?
Safety Puncture Box
Where should you dispose needles and glasses?
Sharps Container
Who created the Engineering Controls?
CDC (Centers for Disease and Control)
Who created the Exposure Control Plan?
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
This is needed to protect employees from the hazards
Engineering Controls
All laboratories must adhere to a minimum of what level of biosafety guidelines?
Biosafety Level 2 Guidelines
What are the biosafety categories of CDC?
- BSL 1
- BSL 2
- BSL 3
- BSL 4
No known pathogenic potential for immunocompetent individuals [NO THREAT]
Biosafety Level 1 (BSL 1)
Most undergraduate laboratory courses operate under what level of biosafety level precautions?
BSL 1
What are some examples of microorganisms that belong in Biosafety Level 1?
- Bacillus subtilis
- Staphylococcus epidermis and saprophyticus
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Neisseria sicca
- Proteus vulgaris
- Micrococcus luteus
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum
- Bacillus cereus
- Alcaligenes faecalis
- Achromobacter denitrificans
Level 1 practices + lab coats, protective gloves, limited access, decontamination of all infectious waste, and biohazard signs [MODERATE THREAT]
BSL 2
What are some examples of microorganisms that belong in Biosafety Level 2?
- HIV
- HBV
- Salmonella spp.
- Shigella spp.
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae and pyogenes
- Mycobacterium phlei
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Escherichia coli
- Enterobacter aerogenes
Level 2 procedures + special laboratory, clothing and controlled access [SERIOUS THREAT]
BSL 3
In this Biosafety Level, air movement must be carefully controlled to contain infectious materials
BSL 3
What are some examples of microorganisms that belong in Biosafety Level 3?
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Brucella spp.
- Coccidioides immitis
- Rickettsia spp.
- Arbovirus
- Yersinia pestis
- Chlamydia trachomatis
Level 3 practices + entrance through separate room with laboratory clothing [LETHAL RISK]
BSL 4
What are some examples of microorganisms that belong in Biosafety Level 4?
- Filovirus
- Arenavirus
- Ebola virus
- Lassa virus
- Marburg virus
- Herpesvirus simiae
Hazardous areas should be identified and labeled using?
Biohazard label
Can the air be recirculated after it passes through the microbiology laboratory? Yes or No
No
Air in the laboratory should move from areas of?
Low risk to high risk
Procedures known to create aerosols must be performed in?
Biosafety Cabinet
It is a filter that removes particles larger than 0.3 mm
HEPA filter
What is the meaning of HEPA filter?
High-Efficiency Particulate Air
Through the sterilization by either heat, UV light, or passage of air through HEPA filter
Biosafety Cabinet
Provide effective partial containment for procedures involving moderate and high-risk microorganisms (BSL 2 & 3 agents)
BSC Class I & II
Open-fronted, negative pressure, ventilated cabinets
BSC Class I
Unsterilized room air enters and circulates within the cabinet, and the exhaust air from the cabinet is filtered by a HEPA filter
BSC Class I
What is the other name for BSC Class II?
Vertical laminar flow biocabinet
It sterilize both air entering and circulating within the cabinet and exhaust air (has 2 filters)
BSC Class II
Open-fronted, ventilated cabinets and have HEPA filtered, recirculated airflow within the workspace
BSC Class II
Trap articulate and infectious agents, but do not trap volatile chemicals and gases
HEPA filters
