1 Kidney Intro Flashcards
What’s the functional unit of the kidney used to filter blood and make urine?
Nephron
Urine collects in the ____ then drains into _______ and ureter
Papilla; renal pelvis
What are the two MAIN functions of the renal system?
Regulation of water balance
Maintain normal electrolyte concentrations and content
What’s the formula for water balance?
Water intake + metabolic water = renal excretion + GI excretion + evaporation
What kind of Nephrons have a short Loop of Henle, mostly stays out of medulla?
Cortical (superficial) nephrons
What kind of Nephron has a long Loop of Henle, can go down into the papilla?
What specialized peritubular capillary do they have?
Juxtamedullary Nephron.
Vasa Recta
Where does the nephron’s blood supply come from, what two sources?
Glomerular capillaries
Peritubular capillaries
Where does the first step of urine formation take place? Can control diameter of each arteriole
Glomerular Capillaries
Fed by AFFerent arteriole, drained by EFFerent. (EF=EXITS)
What are normal capillaries fed by efferent arterioles? They wrap around nephron and required for reabsorption and secretion
Peritubular Capillaries
What part of urine formation describes whats removed from the body via urine?
EXCRETION
LEAVING BODY!!
What part of urine formation moves solutes/water across tubular fluid back into blood?
Reabsorption
What part of urine formation moves solutes from blood into the tubular fluid?
SECRETION
Stays in body.
Blood—>tubular fluid
What’s the FIRST step in urine production?
FILTRATION
Almost everything is reabsorbed in the _______
Proximal convoluted tubule
What segment of the nephron deals with the reabsorption and dilution of urine?
Loop of Henle
The ________ loop of henle deals with water reabsorption and NO solute movement.
While the ________ loop has solute reabsorption and no water movement
Descending
Ascending
What part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus senses tubular flow and renal blood flow?
Macula densa
What part of the nephron is involve with the fine-tuning or urine solute amounts, site of pH balancing and involves Thiazide diuretics?
Distal convoluted tubule
What nephron segment involves regulation of water reabsorption and FINAL control of urine osmolarity? Site of anti-diuretic hormone
Collecting ducts
(TP) Glucose is removed from the tubular fluid by active transport and returned to the blood. This is an example of what kind of renal process?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption
D. Excretion
C. Reabsorption
(TP) In periods of hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) like in Diabetes Mellitus, some filtered glucose is lost to the urine. This is an example of what kind of renal process?
A. Filtration
B. Secretion
C. Reabsorption
D. Excretion
D. Excretion
(TP) The most water is reabsorbed in which segment of the nephron?
A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
B. Loop of Henle
C. Distal Convoluted Tubule
D. Collecting Ducts
A. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
