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Biology > 1 - Key Concepts In Biology > Flashcards

1 - Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

How many sub cellular structures does animal cell have

A

5

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2
Q

Name the 5 sub cellular structures in a animal cell

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Cell membrane
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Ribosomes
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3
Q

How many sub cellular structures in a plant cell

A

7

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4
Q

Name the 7 sub cellular structures in a plant cell

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Chloroplasts
  3. Cell membrane
  4. Mitochondria
  5. Ribosomes
  6. Cell wall
  7. Vacuole
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5
Q

What 3 sub cellular structures are in a plant cell and not animal

A
  1. Chloroplasts
  2. Cell wall
  3. Vacuole
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6
Q

Define eukaryotic

A

A cell which has a nucleus

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7
Q

Define prokaryotic

A

A cell that doesn’t have a cell

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8
Q

Example of eukaryotic

A

Animal cell

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9
Q

Prokaryotic example

A

Bacterial cell

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10
Q

How many sub cellular structures does a bacterial cell have

A

5

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11
Q

Name the 6 sub cellular structures in a bacterial cell

A
  1. Chromosomal DNA
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Plasmid DNA
  4. Cell membrane
  5. Flagella
  6. Slime coat
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12
Q

Function of the nucleus

A
  • contains DNA

- controls activities of the cell

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13
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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14
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Where aerobic respiration occurs - releases energy

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15
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made in protein synthesis

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16
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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17
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight - where photosynthesis happens

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18
Q

Function of vacuole

A

Keeps the cell rigid, supports and stores sap

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19
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Made of cellulose for support and to stop the cell bursting

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20
Q

Function of chromosomal DNA

A

One long strand of DNA. controls what the cell does

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21
Q

Function of plasmid DNA

A

Small loops of extra DNA

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22
Q

Function of flagella

A

Helps the cell move

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23
Q

Define specialised cell

A

A cell that can be adapted to perform a specific function

24
Q

What are egg and sperm cell specialised for

A

Reproduction

25
Q

Function of egg cell

A

Carry the females DNA and feed the developing embryo

26
Q

3 sub cellular structures in egg cell

A
  1. Cell membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
27
Q

Function of sperm cell

A

Carry the male DNA to the egg

28
Q

3 sub cellular structures in sperm cell

A
  1. Tail
  2. Nucleus
  3. Acrosome
29
Q

What part of the egg cell contains nutrients

A

Cytoplasm

30
Q

Why does the egg cell contain nutrients

A

To feed to embryo

31
Q

After fertilisation why does the cell membrane change structure

A

To stop more sperms from getting in - so only one sperm can fertilise the egg

32
Q

What type of nucleus does a egg cell have

A

Haploid

33
Q

Define haploid

A

Half the amount of chromosomes found on a normal body cell(23)

34
Q

Why does a sperm have a tail

A

So it can swim to the egg

35
Q

Why does the sperm have lots of mitochondria

A

To give the cell energy to swim to the egg

36
Q

Function of acrosome

A

This stores enzymes that digest through the membrane of the egg cell

37
Q

What type of nucleus does a sperm cell have

A

Haploid

38
Q

Function of slime coat

A

Stops the cell from drying out, gets white blood cells away

39
Q

What are epithelial cells specialised for

A

Moving materials

40
Q

Example of epithelial cell in the body

A

In the lining of the airways help move mucus up to the throat so it can be swallowed

41
Q

Explain the 4 steps on how to use a microscope

A
  1. Place the slide on the stage and look through the eyepiece lens
  2. Make sure the smallest objective lens is on
  3. Turn the focus wheel to get a clear image
  4. Increase the magnification of the objective lens and use the focusing wheel again
42
Q

What do microscopes use to make things look bigger

A

Lenses

43
Q

Equation for working out total magnification

A

Eyepiece leans magnification x objective lens magnification

44
Q

Equation for working out magnification

A

Image size divided by real size

45
Q

Define enzymes

A

Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things

46
Q

Define substrate

A

A molecule that gets changed into a chemical reaction

47
Q

What do biological catalysts do ?

A

Speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

48
Q

What is a substrate

A

A molecule that gets changed in a chemical reaction

49
Q

What in the function of a enzyme catalyse

A

Breakdown and synthesis reactions

50
Q

What do carbohydrases break down

A

Carbohydrates into simple sugars

51
Q

What is amylase

A

A type of carbohydrate which breaks down starch

52
Q

What do proteases break down

A

Proteins into amino acids

53
Q

What do other enzymes make proteins from

A

Amino acids

54
Q

What do lipases break down

A

Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

55
Q

Define diffusion

A

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

56
Q

Define osmosis

A

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from less concentrated to a higher concentrated solution

57
Q

Define active transport

A

The movement of particles across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, it uses energy

Biology (3 decks)

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