1 - Key Concepts In Biology

Question 1

How many sub cellular structures does animal cell have

Answer 1

5

Question 2

Name the 5 sub cellular structures in a animal cell

Answer 2

1. Nucleus
2. Cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes

Question 3

How many sub cellular structures in a plant cell

Answer 3

7

Question 4

Name the 7 sub cellular structures in a plant cell

Answer 4

1. Nucleus
2. Chloroplasts
3. Cell membrane
4. Mitochondria
5. Ribosomes
6. Cell wall
7. Vacuole

Question 5

What 3 sub cellular structures are in a plant cell and not animal

Answer 5

1. Chloroplasts
2. Cell wall
3. Vacuole

Question 6

Define eukaryotic

Answer 6

A cell which has a nucleus

Question 7

Define prokaryotic

Answer 7

A cell that doesn’t have a cell

Question 8

Example of eukaryotic

Answer 8

Animal cell

Question 9

Prokaryotic example

Answer 9

Bacterial cell

Question 10

How many sub cellular structures does a bacterial cell have

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Name the 6 sub cellular structures in a bacterial cell

Answer 11

1. Chromosomal DNA
2. Ribosomes
3. Plasmid DNA
4. Cell membrane
5. Flagella
6. Slime coat

Question 12

Function of the nucleus

Answer 12

• contains DNA

- controls activities of the cell

Question 13

Function of cell membrane

Answer 13

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 14

Function of mitochondria

Answer 14

Where aerobic respiration occurs - releases energy

Question 15

Function of ribosomes

Answer 15

Where proteins are made in protein synthesis

Question 16

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 16

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 17

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 17

Contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight - where photosynthesis happens

Question 18

Function of vacuole

Answer 18

Keeps the cell rigid, supports and stores sap

Question 19

Function of cell wall

Answer 19

Made of cellulose for support and to stop the cell bursting

Question 20

Function of chromosomal DNA

Answer 20

One long strand of DNA. controls what the cell does

Question 21

Function of plasmid DNA

Answer 21

Small loops of extra DNA

Question 22

Function of flagella

Answer 22

Helps the cell move

Question 23

Define specialised cell

Answer 23

A cell that can be adapted to perform a specific function

Question 24

What are egg and sperm cell specialised for

Answer 24

Reproduction

Question 25

Function of egg cell

Answer 25

Carry the females DNA and feed the developing embryo

Question 26

3 sub cellular structures in egg cell

Answer 26

1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus

Question 27

Function of sperm cell

Answer 27

Carry the male DNA to the egg

Question 28

3 sub cellular structures in sperm cell

Answer 28

1. Tail 2. Nucleus 3. Acrosome

Question 29

What part of the egg cell contains nutrients

Answer 29

Cytoplasm

Question 30

Why does the egg cell contain nutrients

Answer 30

To feed to embryo

Question 31

After fertilisation why does the cell membrane change structure

Answer 31

To stop more sperms from getting in - so only one sperm can fertilise the egg

Question 32

What type of nucleus does a egg cell have

Answer 32

Haploid

Question 33

Define haploid

Answer 33

Half the amount of chromosomes found on a normal body cell(23)

Question 34

Why does a sperm have a tail

Answer 34

So it can swim to the egg

Question 35

Why does the sperm have lots of mitochondria

Answer 35

To give the cell energy to swim to the egg

Question 36

Function of acrosome

Answer 36

This stores enzymes that digest through the membrane of the egg cell

Question 37

What type of nucleus does a sperm cell have

Answer 37

Haploid

Question 38

Function of slime coat

Answer 38

Stops the cell from drying out, gets white blood cells away

Question 39

What are epithelial cells specialised for

Answer 39

Moving materials

Question 40

Example of epithelial cell in the body

Answer 40

In the lining of the airways help move mucus up to the throat so it can be swallowed

Question 41

Explain the 4 steps on how to use a microscope

Answer 41

1. Place the slide on the stage and look through the eyepiece lens 2. Make sure the smallest objective lens is on 3. Turn the focus wheel to get a clear image 4. Increase the magnification of the objective lens and use the focusing wheel again

Question 42

What do microscopes use to make things look bigger

Answer 42

Lenses

Question 43

Equation for working out total magnification

Answer 43

Eyepiece leans magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 44

Equation for working out magnification

Answer 44

Image size divided by real size

Question 45

Define enzymes

Answer 45

Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things

Question 46

Define substrate

Answer 46

A molecule that gets changed into a chemical reaction

Question 47

What do biological catalysts do ?

Answer 47

Speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

Question 48

What is a substrate

Answer 48

A molecule that gets changed in a chemical reaction

Question 49

What in the function of a enzyme catalyse

Answer 49

Breakdown and synthesis reactions

Question 50

What do carbohydrases break down

Answer 50

Carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 51

What is amylase

Answer 51

A type of carbohydrate which breaks down starch

Question 52

What do proteases break down

Answer 52

Proteins into amino acids

Question 53

What do other enzymes make proteins from

Answer 53

Amino acids

Question 54

What do lipases break down

Answer 54

Lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 55

Define diffusion

Answer 55

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 56

Define osmosis

Answer 56

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from less concentrated to a higher concentrated solution

Question 57

Define active transport

Answer 57

The movement of particles across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, it uses energy