1 - Key Concepts in Biology

Question 1

Eukaryotic

Answer 1

More complex, multi-cellular. Includes Animals and Plants

Question 2

Prokaryotic

Answer 2

Simpler, Single cellular. Includes bacteria and fungi

Question 3

Animal Cell Structure

Answer 3

Nucleus, cyctoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Contains genetic material that controls the activities within the cell

Question 5

Cyctoplasm

Answer 5

gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes.

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

these are where most of the reactions for respiration take place. The powerhouse of the cell

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

these are involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins. Contains proteins.

Question 8

Plant cell Structure (Unique)

Answer 8

Cell wall, Large vacuole, Chloroplasts

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Made of cellulose, supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 10

Large vacuole

Answer 10

contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts. maintains the internal pressure to support the cell.

Question 11

Chloroplast

Answer 11

These are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll

Question 12

Cell membrane

Answer 12

holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 13

Bacterial cells

Answer 13

Chromosomal DNA, Ribosomes, Cell membrane, Plasmid DNA, Flagellum.

Question 14

Chromosomal DNA

Answer 14

controls the cell’s activities and replication, floats free in cyctoplasm (not a nucleus)

Question 15

Plasmid DNA

Answer 15

small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome, contains genes for drug resistance and can be passed through bacteria

Question 16

Flagellum

Answer 16

long, hair like structure that rotates to make the bacterium move. It can be used to move the bacteria way from harmful substances.

Question 17

Specialised cells

Answer 17

cells which have a structure that makes them adapted to their function are called specialised cells.

Question 18

Examples of specialised cells

Answer 18

egg, sperm and ciliated epithelial cells

Question 19

Egg cell specialisation

Answer 19

Nutrients in the cyctoplasm for embryo, a haploid nucleus, membrane prevents anything else entering once fused

Question 20

Sperm cell specialisation

Answer 20

long flagellum for movement, lots of mitochondria for energy, acrosome that stores enzymes needed to digest into the membrane, haploid nucleus

Question 21

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Answer 21

to move substances in one direction across the surface of the tissue. For example, lining of the airways have a lot to move mucus up to the throat, so it doesnt reach lungs

Question 22

Magnification formula

Answer 22

image size / real size

Question 23

Enzymes

Answer 23

catalysts produced by living things

Question 24

Affects the rate of reaction

Answer 24

temperature, ph, substrate concentration

Question 25

Temperature in Enzymes

Answer 25

higher increases at first but then denatures once it gets too hot, because bonds holding the enzyme break

Question 26

pH in enzymes

Answer 26

affects if it is too high or too low, interferes with the bonds holding the enzyme causing them to change shape or denature

Question 27

Substrate concentration in enzymes

Answer 27

the higher the concentration the faster the reaction, more likely the enzyme will meet up and react with a substrate molecule, at a point it flattens out

Question 28

Rate of reaction

Answer 28

For Enzyme practical: 1000 / Time
If it measures how much something changes over time, you can calculate the ror by dividing the amount it has changed by time taken