1. KEEPING HEALTHY AND THRIVING

Question 1

How is child health measured using mortality rates?

Answer 1

Under-five mortality rate
The probability of a child born in a specific year or period dying before reaching 5 years of age per
1000 live births.
* Infant mortality rate
The probability that a child born in a specific year or period will die before reaching the age of 1
year per 1000 live births.
* Neonatal mortality rate
Number of deaths during the first 28 completed days of life per 1 000 live births in a given year or
period.

Question 2

Name 5 other ways used measure child health other than mortality rates.

Answer 2

Overweight, Wasting, Stunting
HIV and TB prevalence rates
School attendance and completion
Poverty and unemployment
Care arrangements
Housing and amenities
Access to health care

Question 3

What are the 6 components of Early Childhood Development?

Answer 3

• Maternal Care
• Nutritional Support
• Child HealthCare
• Stimulation For Early Learning
• Social Services
  Support For Primary Caregivers

Question 4

What are the 5 programs and tools used to promote health in the public sector?

Answer 4

• The First 1000 Days (conception to 2nd birthday)
• The Road to Health Book
• EPI -SA
• IMCI
• PACK child

Question 5

Why are the first 1000 Days important?

Answer 5

• Better cognitive development
• Decreased adult non-communicable
  diseases
• Break intergenerational cycles

Question 6

What are the 5 pillars of the RTHB?

Answer 6

• Nutrition
• HealthCare
• Extra Care
• Love
• Protection

Question 7

Explain EPI

Answer 7

Extended Program of Immunizations
Most cost-effective way to reduce
mortality and morbidity.
Good indicator of young children’s
access to primary care

Question 8

List causes of child deaths

Answer 8

Neonatal conditions
* Pneumonia
* Diarrhoea
* Injuries/trauma
* Malnutrition
* HIV/AIDS

Question 9

What are the 3 aims of the IMCI?

Answer 9

Improve case management skills of healthcare staff.
- Accurate identification of childhood illnesses in outpatient settings.
- Appropriate combined treatment for all major illnesses.

Improve health systems
- Speed the referral of severely ill children.

Improve family and community health practices.
- Promote appropriate care seeking behaviors.
- Improved nutrition and preventative care.
- Correct implementation of prescribed care.

Question 10

Give the 5 components of nurturing care

Answer 10

• Good health
• Opportunities for early
  learning
• Safety and security
• Responsive caregiving
• Adequate nutrition

Question 11

What is the ECD

Answer 11

It is a comprehensive approach to programs
and policies for children from birth to seven
years of age.
Its purpose is to protect the rights of children
to develop their full cognitive, emotional,
social and physical potential.
It cuts across multiple sectors – including
health and nutrition, education, and social
protection
It includes the First 1000 Days

Question 12

Name the 4 areas of sequential development of skills

Answer 12

Gross Motor
Fine Motor
Language
Psychosocial

Question 13

What are the principles of normal development

Answer 13

Development is a continuous process
The sequence is the same but the rate varies between children
The sequence is set in each field, but each field is not necessarily
parallel
Development is related to the rate of maturation of the CNS
No strict line between normal and abnormal

Question 14

Differentiate developmental delay and developmental deviation

Answer 14

Deviation - different course of development than what is expected or atypical ( atypical sequence of progression
Delay -Not reaching developmental milestones within the expected or typical timeframe

Question 15

Describe impairment, disability and handicap

Answer 15

Impairment:
An abnormality of body structure/ function ie. the
specific pathological event.
Disability:
Failure of a function / skill ie. physical incapacity
Handicap:
A disability with substantial or permanent effect on
normal growth / functional incapacity