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Líffærafræði 1. kafli > 1. kafli > Flashcards

1. kafli Flashcards

1
Q

Líffærafræði

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Anatomy

A

Bygging líkamans

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3
Q

Lífeðlisfræði

A

Physiology

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4
Q

Physiology

A

Starfsemi líkamans

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5
Q

Efnastig

A

Frumeindir, Sameindir

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6
Q

Frumeindir

A

Atóm

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7
Q

Sameindir

A

Mólikúl

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8
Q

Atóm

A

Minnstu einingar efnisins og mynda sameindir

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9
Q

Frumustig

A

Sameindir mynda frumur (minnstu einingar)

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10
Q

Vefjastig

A

Frumur tengjast saman ásamt millifrumuefni

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11
Q

Líffærastig

A

Tvær eða fleiri vefjagerðir mynda líffæri

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12
Q

Líffærakerfisstig

A

Mörg líffæri sem starfa saman.

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13
Q

Lífverustig

A

Lífvera mynduð úr mörgum líffærakerfum.

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14
Q

Þekjukerfi

A

Integumentary system

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15
Q

Beinakerfi

A

Skeletal system

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16
Q

Vöðvakerfi

A

Muscular system

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17
Q

Taugakerfi

A

Nervous system

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18
Q

Innkirtlakerfi

A

Endocrine system

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19
Q

Hringrásarkerfi

A

Cardiovascular system

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20
Q

Vessa- og ónæmiskerfi

A

Lympathic system

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21
Q

Öndunarkerfi

A

Respiratory system

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22
Q

Meltingarkerfi

A

Digestive system

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23
Q

Þvagkerfi

A

Urinary system

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24
Q

Æxlunarkerfi

A

Reproductive system

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25
Q

Efnaskipti

A

Metabolism

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26
Q

Homeostasis

A

Samvægi/innra jafnvægi

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27
Q

Millifrumuvökvi

A

Innra umhverfi líkamans

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28
Q

Ytra umhverfi fruma

A

Millifrumuvökvi

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29
Q

Blóðrásarkerfi

A

Súrefnis- og koldíoxíðstyrkur líkamans haldist innan ákveðinna marka

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30
Q

Tauga og innkirtlakerfi stjórnar

A

Homeostasis

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31
Q

Í afturvirku kerfi er Nemi ( receptor)

A

sem nemur breytingar á stjórnuðu ástandi

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32
Q

Í afturvirku kerfi er stjórnstöð ( control center)

A

sem ákvarðar gildið á hinu stjórnaða ástandi, upplýsingaöflun og andsvar

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33
Q

Í afturvirku kerfi er Svari ( effector)

A

sem tekur á móti skipun frá stjórnstöð, breytir hinu stjórnaða ástandi

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34
Q

Afturvirk kerfi geta verið

A

Neikvæð og jákvæð

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35
Q

Neikvæð afturvirkni

A

Ef ferlið temprar sjálft sig

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36
Q

Jákvæð afturvirkni

A

Ef ferlið örvar sjálft sig

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37
Q

Neikvæð afturvirkni er mun mikilvægari í sjórnun á

A

Homeostasis

38
Q

Anatómísk staða

A

Líkaminn uppréttur. Nef og tær vísa fram. Handleggir niður með síðum og lófar snúa fram.

39
Q

Líkamanum skipt í tvennt

A

Portio axialis, Portio appendicularis

40
Q

Portio axialis

A

Möndulhluti

41
Q

Portio appendicularis

A

Viðhengihluti

42
Q

Möndulhluti

A

Cephalus/caput (höfuð), Cervix (háls), Truncus (bol)

43
Q

Truncus

A

Thorax (brjóstsvæði), Abdomen (kviður), Pelvis (grind)

44
Q

Viðhengihluti

A

Membri superioris (euri útlimi), Membri inferiori (neðri útlimi)

45
Q

Membri superioris

A

Axilla (holhönd), Brachium (upphandleggur), Antibrachium ( framhandleggur), Manus (hönd)

46
Q

Membri inferioris

A

Femur (læri), Crus (leggur), Pes (fótur)

47
Q

Áttir

48
Q

Dexter

49
Q

Sinister

50
Q

Superior

51
Q

Inferior

52
Q

Cranial

A

höfuðlægur

53
Q

Caudal

A

rófulægur

54
Q

Anterior

55
Q

Posterior

56
Q

Ventral

A

Kviðlægur

57
Q

Dorsal

58
Q

Medial

A

Miðlægur

59
Q

Lateral

A

Hliðlægur

60
Q

Intermedius

61
Q

Ipsilatereal

A

sömu megin

62
Q

Contralateral

A

hinum megin

63
Q

Proximal

A

nærlægur

64
Q

Distal

A

fjarlægur

65
Q

Superficial

A

grunnlægur

66
Q

Profundus

A

djúplægur

67
Q

Externus

68
Q

Internus

69
Q

Planum sagittale

A

Langskurður

70
Q

Langskurður

A

hægri helmingur, vinstri helmingur

71
Q

Planum frontale/coronale

A

Breiðskurður/ krúnuskurður

72
Q

Breiðskurður/krúnuskurður

A

fram hluti, aftur hluti

73
Q

Planum transversum

A

þverskurður

74
Q

Þverskurður

A

efri hluti, neðri hluti

75
Q

Holrými líkamans

A

líkamshol

76
Q

líkamshol

A

afturhol, framhol

77
Q

afturhol

A

kúpuhol, hrygggöng

78
Q

framhol

A

brjósthol, kviðar-grindarhol

79
Q

Þind aðskilur

A

brjósthol frá kviðar-grindarholi

80
Q

Í framholi eru

81
Q

Brjósthol skiptist í þrjú smærri hol

A

Gollurshússhol, tvö fleiðruhol

82
Q

Gollurhússhol

A

umlykur hjarta

83
Q

Tvö fleiðruhol

A

umlykja lungu

84
Q

Kviðarhol (8 stk)

A

m.a magi, lifur, briskirtill, nýru, milta, gallblaðra, smáþarmar og mestur hluti digurgirnis.

85
Q

Grindarhol (3stk)

A

þvagblaðra, hluti digurgirnirs og innri æxlunarfæri

86
Q

Háluhimnur klæða veggi (3stk)

A

brjósthols, kviðar- og grindarhols (þau þekja líffæri þeirra)

87
Q

Fleiðrur

A

brjóshimna tengjast lungum

88
Q

Gollurshús

A

tengist hjarta

89
Q

Lífhimna

A

tengist kviðarholi

90
Q

9 reitir

A

lóðréttar línur gegnum mið viðbein, láréttar línur undir rifbein og milli mjaðmarnibba

91
Q

4 reitir

A

Lóðrétt og lárétt lína dregin í gegnum naflann.

Líffærafræði 1. kafli (3 decks)

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