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Ónæmisfræði > 1. kafli > Flashcards

1. kafli Flashcards

1
Q

immunology

A

rannsókn ónæmiskerfis og hvernig það starfar

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2
Q

Edward Jenner

A

sá sem er talinn uppruni ónæmisfræðinnar

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3
Q

Variolation

A

inntaka efna inní líkama til að byggja upp ónæmi

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4
Q

vaccination

A

inntaka lítils magn efna sem leyfir líkama að bygja upp ónæmi án þess að sýkjast illilega af sjúkdómi

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5
Q

Robert Koch

A

sanaði að smitsjúkdómar eru ollnir af örverum.

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6
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

gerði bólesetningu gegn cholera í kjúklingum

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7
Q

Emil von Behring

A

uppgvötaði antotoxic activity

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8
Q

Shibasaburo Kitasato

A

uppgvötaði antotoxic activity

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9
Q

antibodies

A

mótefni sem bindast sýkingarefnum og vinna gegn henni

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10
Q

Jules Bordet

A

uppgvötaði complement

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11
Q

complement

A

uppgvötað af Jules

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12
Q

adaptive immunity

A

ónæmi sem byggist upp eftir sýkingu

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13
Q

innate immunity

A

ónæmi sem er alltaf í gangi og verndar vel gegn sýklum

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14
Q

Elie metchinkoff

A

uppgvötaði frumuát

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15
Q

antigens

A

það sem antibodies bindast við

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16
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

hélt áfram þróun antiserum

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17
Q

antiserum

A

vinnur gegn sjúkdómi

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18
Q

immune system

A

ónæmiskerfið ver líkama gegn áhættum

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19
Q

leukocytes

A

hvítar blóðfrumur, sem vernda okkur með frumuáti

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20
Q

bone marrow

A

sumar ónæmisfrumur þróast hér

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21
Q

lymphatic system

A

hvít blóðkorn ferðast um hér og dreifast um líkamann

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22
Q

lymph

A

vökvi í lymphatic system

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23
Q

hematopoietic stem cells

A

þróast í allar frumur í blóði

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24
Q

pluripotent

A

frumur sem geta þróast í margar mismunandi frumur

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25
Q

lymphoid

A

ein tegund hvítfruma

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26
Q

myeloid

A

önnur tegund hvítfruma

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27
Q

lymphocytes

A

öflugasta vörn líkamans en þarf innate frumukerfi

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28
Q

pathogens: viruses, bacteria

A

sýkingarefni

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29
Q

fungi

A

getur sýkt stundum utanfrá

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30
Q

parasites

A

örverur sem skemma fólkið sem það er í

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31
Q

microbiome

A

þar sem má finna örverur í líkama alltaf sem eru ekki frumur

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32
Q

commensal microorganisms

A

öreindir sem skaða ekki hostin sinn

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33
Q

avoidance

A

passa að örverur koma ekki inn í líkama

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34
Q

resistance

A

vinna kerfis gegn sýkingum

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35
Q

tolerance

A

hæfni fruma til að vera ekki undir áhrifum sýkla.

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36
Q

effectir mechanisms

A

vinna gegn misunandi sýklum

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37
Q

immunological tolerance

A

stöðvar ónæmiskerfi frá því að gera árás á eigin líkama

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38
Q

antimicrobial proteins

A

vinna gegn sýklum að koma inn í líkama

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39
Q

complement

A

ýmis prótein sem verja líkama

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40
Q

sensor cells

A

frumur sem finna fyrir sýkingu

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41
Q

inflammatory inducers

A

valda b
olgu

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42
Q

inflammatory mediators

A

virka inflammatory inducers

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43
Q

innate racognition receptors

A

taka eftir ákveðnum efnum, efni sem breytast ekki eftir fæðingu

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44
Q

antigen receptors

A

taka við antigens

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45
Q

common myeloid progenitor

A

það se, öll myeloid frumur verða til úr

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46
Q

macrophages

A

átfrumur sem valda bólgu og fleirra.

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47
Q

monocytes

A

þróast í makrófaga eftir sýkingu

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48
Q

complement receptors

A

greina compliment kerfi sem merkja frumu til áts.

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49
Q

granulocytes

A

fruma með marga kjarna.

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50
Q

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A

q

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51
Q

neutrophils

A

q

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52
Q

eosinophils

A

q

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53
Q

basophils

A

q

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54
Q

mast cells

A

q

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55
Q

dendritic cells

A

q

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56
Q

Ralph steinmann

A

q

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57
Q

macropinocytosis

A

q

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58
Q

immunogenic

A

q

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59
Q

charles janeway

A

q

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60
Q

adjuvant

A

q

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61
Q

pattern recognition receptors

A

q

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62
Q

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

A

q

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63
Q

Toll-like receptors

A

q

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64
Q

Jules hoffman

A

q

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65
Q

Bruce Beutler

A

q

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66
Q

NOD-like receptors

A

q

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67
Q

cytokines

A

q

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68
Q

chemokines

A

q

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69
Q

inflammation

A

q

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70
Q

endothelium

A

q

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71
Q

endothelial cells

A

q

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72
Q

inflammatory cells

A

q

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73
Q

the common lymphoid progenitor

A

q

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74
Q

natural killer cells

A

q

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75
Q

innate lymphoid cells

A

q

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76
Q

immunological memory

A

q

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77
Q

B cells

A

q

78
Q

T cells

A

q

79
Q

naive lymphocytes

A

q

80
Q

effector lymphocytes

A

q

81
Q

B-cell antigen receptor

A

q

82
Q

immunioglobins

A

q

83
Q

membrane immunoglobin

A

q

84
Q

T cell antigen receptor

A

q

85
Q

plasma cells

A

q

86
Q

effecotr T lymphocytes

A

q

87
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

q

88
Q

Helper T cells

A

q

89
Q

Regulatory T cells

A

q

90
Q

memory cells

A

q

91
Q

constant region

A

q

92
Q

fragment crystallizable region

A

q

93
Q

Fc region

A

q

94
Q

variable region

A

q

95
Q

Gerald Edelman and rodney porter

A

q

96
Q

heavy chains

A

q

97
Q

light chain

A

q

98
Q

antigen binding site

A

q

99
Q

antigenic detirminant or epitope

A

q

100
Q

MHC molecules

A

q

101
Q

major histocompatibilty complex

A

q

102
Q

Susumu tonegawa

A

q

103
Q

gene segments

A

q

104
Q

combinatorial diversity

A

q

105
Q

junctional diversity

A

q

106
Q

clone

A

q

107
Q

lymphocyte receptor repertoire

A

q

108
Q

Macfarlane burnet

A

q

109
Q

clonal expansion

A

q

110
Q

clonotypic

A

q

111
Q

clonal selection theory

A

q

112
Q

James Gowans

A

q

113
Q

cellular immunology

A

q

114
Q

self antigens

A

q

115
Q

Ray Owen

A

q

116
Q

tolerant

A

q

117
Q

Peter Medawar

A

q

118
Q

clonal deletion

A

q

119
Q

apoptosis

A

q

120
Q

programmed cell death

A

q

121
Q

immunological tolorance

A

q

122
Q

anergy

A

q

123
Q

lymphoid tissue

A

q

124
Q

central or primary lymphoid organs

A

q

125
Q

peripheral or secondary lymphoid organs

A

q

126
Q

thymus

A

q

127
Q

lymph nodes

A

q

128
Q

spleen

A

q

129
Q

bursa of fabricius

A

q

130
Q

co-stimulatory molecules

A

q

131
Q

antigen presenting cells

A

q

132
Q

draining lymph nodes

A

q

133
Q

lymph

A

q

134
Q

lymphatic vessels or lymphatics

A

q

135
Q

afferent lymphatic vessels

A

q

136
Q

high endothelial venules

A

q

137
Q

follicles

A

q

138
Q

cortex

A

q

139
Q

paraccortial areas or T cell zones

A

q

140
Q

germinal centers

A

q

141
Q

red pulp

A

q

142
Q

white pulp

A

q

143
Q

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath

A

q

144
Q

marginal zone

A

q

145
Q

marginal zone B cells

A

q

146
Q

mucosal immune system

A

q

147
Q

gut associated lymphoid tissues

A

q

148
Q

tonsils, adenoids. appendix and peyers patches

A

q

149
Q

M cells

A

q

150
Q

nasal associated lymphoid tissue

A

q

151
Q

bronchus associated lymphoid tissue

A

q

152
Q

lymphoblast

A

q

153
Q

memory cells

A

q

154
Q

primary immunization

A

q

155
Q

secondary or booster immunization

A

q

156
Q

affinity maturation

A

q

157
Q

effector modules

A

q

158
Q

helper T cells

A

q

159
Q

interferon

A

q

160
Q

type - immunity

A

q

161
Q

ILC1

A

q

162
Q

type 2

A

q

163
Q

type 3

A

q

164
Q

humoral immunity

A

q

165
Q

classes or isotypes

A

q

166
Q

neutralization

A

q

167
Q

FC receptors

A

q

168
Q

opsonization

A

q

169
Q

complement activation

A

q

170
Q

complement receptors

A

q

171
Q

cell mediated immune responses

A

q

172
Q

CD8

A

q

173
Q

CD4

A

q

174
Q

co receptors

A

q

175
Q

MHC class I

A

q

176
Q

MHC class II

A

q

177
Q

TH1

A

q

178
Q

TH2

A

q

179
Q

T follicular helper

A

q

180
Q

immunodeficiency diseases

A

q

181
Q

acquire immune deficiency syndrome

A

q

182
Q

allergy

A

q

183
Q

autoimmune disease

A

q

184
Q

graft rejection

A

q

185
Q

polymorphic

A

q

186
Q

H-2 locus

A

q

187
Q

George Snell

A

q

188
Q

Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset

A

q

189
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

q

190
Q

Georges Köhler and César Milsteins

A

q

Ónæmisfræði (11 decks)

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