1: Introduction to Microbiology and Nature of the Microbial World Flashcards
the study of living organisms of microscopic size
microbiology
who coined the term “microbe”
Chatles Sedillot (1878)
6 branches of microbiology
- Bacteriology
- Virology
- Mycology
- Phycology
- Protozoology
- Parasitology
2 people that suggested that diseases were caused by invisible creatures
Lucretius and Girolamo Fracastoro
- 1673, first person to observe microorganisms “animalcules”
- Grandfather of Microbiology
- constructed the first microscope
- first to describe different shapes of bacteria
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- hypothetical process by which organisms develop from nonliving matter
spontaneous generation theory
who thought animal could originate from the soil
Aristotle
3 believers of spontaneous generation theory except Aristotle
Jean Baptiste van Helmont, John Needham, Felix Pouchet
scientist who performed an experiment with open, gauze-covered, and sealed jars to disprove SGT
Francesco Redi
- Father of Microbiolgy
- ended SGT and proposed Germ Theory of Disease
- coined “microbiology” and “vaccine”
- developed sterilization techniques
- vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and chicken cholera
Louis Pasteur
- cofounder of modern microbiology
- staining techniques with aniline
- hanging drop method
- isolating pure cultures and bacteria
- identified the causative agents of tubercolosis
Robert Koch
hypersensitivity reaction wherein a guinea pig
already infected with the bacillus responded with
an exaggerated response when injected with the
tubercle bacillus or its protein
Koch’s phenomenon
father of modern antisepsis
Joseph Lister
discovered staph colonies disappearing with mold
Alexander Fleming
developed the first vaccine against smallpox
Edward Jenner
introduced agar as a solidifying media
Fanny Hesse
introduced the differential staining of bacteria called Gram staining
Hans Christian Gram
discovered bacteriophage and viruses that attack or
destroy bacteria
Frederick Twort
4 postulates of Robert Koch
Postulate 1: The organism should be regularly found in
the lesions of the disease.
Postulate 2: It should be possible to isolate the organism in pure culture from the lesions.
Postulate 3: Inoculation of the pure culture into suitable laboratory animals should reproduce the lesion of the disease.
Postulate 4: It should be possible to re-isolate the organism in pure culture from the lesions produced in the experimental animals
Additional 5th: Specific antibodies to the organism should be demonstrable in the serum of patients suffering from the disease.
the five kingdoms of the Whittaker’s system
Monera (bacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
three domains of the Whittaker’s system
Bacteria
Archaea (ancient)
Eukarya
cells possessing true nuclei containing chromosomes and organelles
eukaryotes
cells lacking true membrane-bound bound nuclei, with circular chromosome and plasmids
prokaryotes
4 common features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes
DNA
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
