1: INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY MANAGEMENT Flashcards
- plays a vital role in the health care
LABORATORY
to provide physicians and other healthcare professionals with information to:
1. Detect disease or predisposition (susceptibility) to disease
2. Confirm (verify) or reject (defer) a diagnosis (identification of disease via examination)
3. Establish prognosis (prediction) -> recovery
* diagnosis comes before a prognosis
* D -> P
4. Guide patient management and monitor efficacy of therapy
LABORATORY
- plays a leading role in education and research, information technology design implementation, quality improvement.
LABORATORY
- diagnosis comes before a prognosis
true
- Operated and maintained, partially or wholly, by the national government, a local government unit (provincial, city or municipal), any other political unit or any department, division, board or agency thereof.
- GOVERNMENT
- Privately owned, established and operated with funds through donation, principal, investment or other means, by any individual, corporation, association or organization.
- PRIVATE
- A laboratory that is located within the premises and operates as part of a DOH licensed health facility.
- Hospitals, clinics, schools, medical facility
- E.g. Department of Pathology of NKTI (National Kidney Transplant Institute)
- INSTITUTION-BASED
- A laboratory that operates independently and is not attached (no affinity) to any DOH licensed health facility.
- FREE STANDING
- E.g. Private clinics (Hi-precision)
- NON-INSTITUTION BASED
- Deals with the chemical and cellular analyses of blood and other body fluids.
- CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
- Clinical Chemistry (FBS, Cholesterol, HBA1C), Clinical Microscopy (Urine, Feces, Semen), Hematology (Blood test), Immunoserology & Blood Banking, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Microbiology
- CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
- Provides processing and examination of surgical specimens as to the physical appearance and microscopic structure of tissues.
- Histopathology (Tumors, Cancers), Autopsy, Forensics
- ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
- Deals with the analysis of certain genes, proteins, and other molecules in samples from organs, tissues, or bodily fluids to diagnose disease and/or to guide the prevention and treatment of disease.
- Virus (PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction)
- MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
- Provides direction where organization is going.
- A pattern of behaviors used to engage others to complete tasks in a timely and productive manner.
LEADERSHIP
- Provides the “road” to get there
- Primary functions include: POLC
Planning & prompt decision making
Organizing
Leading
Controlling (effective utilization of resources)
MANAGEMENT
effective utilization of resources
Controlling
- Provides physical and personal resources
- Flexibility, encourages, creative, problem-solving
- SUPPORTIVE LEADER
- Presents rules, orders, or other defined instructions (concise, detailed) to the individual.
- “direction”
- DIRECTIVE LEADER
- Provides low support and low direction
- DELEGATING LEADER
- Provides high support and high direction
- COACHING LEADER
- They complete tasks for the day.
- Supervisors, team leaders, CMT (chief medical technologists)
- FIRST-LINE MANAGERS
- They are engaged in strategic and tactical activities.
- Operations man, division heads
- MIDDLE-LINE MANAGERS
- Concentrate on strategizing and planning for the next 1 to 5 years.
- Laboratory directors, CEOs, CIOs
- TOP-LINE MANAGERS
Administrator
Organizer & Developer
Risk taker
Inspiration
Thinks long term
Asks what and why
Challenges status quo Does the right thing
LEADER
Implementer
Maintains control
Thinks short term
Asks how and when
Watches bottom line
Accepts status quo
Is a good soldier
Does things right
MANAGER
- A process where high level decisions are made
- Deciding on the objectives of the organization and the need to modify existing objectives
- Allocating resources to attain these objectives.
- Establishing policies that govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of these resources.
Based in long-term projections with global view:
Pre-planning
Organization
Well-defined goals
Communication
FIRM BELIEF
STRATEGIC PLANNING
- Detailed day-to-day operations needed to meet the immediate need of the laboratory.
TACTICAL PLANNING
ensure that quality laboratory services are provided like:
Modern equipment
Well-trained staff
Well-designed & safe physical environment
Good management team
key management goal
_____________________ and ______________________ have been standard approaches to quality leadership and management for over 30 years
- Total quality management (TQM) and continuous quality improvement (CQI)
- Two other tools often used to improve quality throughout the health care industry are _________________________
Six Sigma and Lean.
- System of approach that focuses on teams, processes. statistics, and delivery of services or product that meet customer expectations.
- Error-free quality, manage by FACT, empowered worker
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TOM)
- Is an element of TQM that strives to continually improve practices and not just meet established quality standards.
CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT (CQI)
- a performance improvement program, the goal of which can be summarized by the mantra “improvement by eliminating process variation”.
SIX SIGMA
- SIX SIGMA STEPS:
- Improved Performance
- Improved Quality
- Improve bottom line
- Improve customer satisfaction
- Improve employee satisfaction
project good or other deliverable that is critical to quality
- DEFINE
baseline performance & related variables
- MEASURE
this involves the data using statistics or graphs in order for us to identify and quantify the root cause
- ANALYZE
involves performance by developing and implementing a solution
- IMPROVE
factors related to improvement, verify impact, validate benefits, & monitor overtime
- CONTROL
- A system for reducing waste in production or manufacturing processes
- Utilizes techniques that would determine the work activities that do not directly add to the delivery of laboratory services in the most cost-effective ways.
LEAN
- 5S:
Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain
- PDCA
Plan, Do, Check, Act
- ISO
International Standard Organization
- CAP (College of American Pathologists):
ISO 15189:2007
12 Laboratory Essentials QSE (ISO Standard)
CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Services Institute):
