1. Introduction to Enterprise Risk Management Flashcards

1
Q

Define risk appetite

A

Describes the target level of risk under normal circumstances

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2
Q

Define risk tolerance

A

Sets the upper and lower limits of the risk corridor

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3
Q

Define risk capacity

A

Maximum amount of risk the firm can support

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4
Q

Define risk governance

A

Risk governance refers to the way that the Board an management of an organization work together to manage risk

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5
Q

Define risk profile

A

Snapshot of risk exposure at a moment in time

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6
Q

Define quantitative risk management

A

Mathematical methods used in ERM

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7
Q

What are the 5 main ways to manage pure risk?
(Once you are exposed to a risk, what can you do?)

A
  1. Transfer
  2. Mitigate the likelyhood
  3. Mitigate the severity
  4. Avoid
  5. Retain by informed decision
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8
Q

How can quantitative risk management be useful?

A
  • By modelling extreme events
  • By aggregating risks and understanding dependence
  • By calculating risk measures (VaR and ES) to follow regulations
  • etc.
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9
Q

What are the three lines of defense?

A
  • Risk owner: owners of the risk, managers at the front line
  • Oversight: specialist responsible for risk management across the firm
  • Audit: independant committee that reports to the board
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10
Q

What does SWOT stand for?

A

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

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11
Q

What are a few events that could create an environmental risk?

A

Pandemics, extreme weather events and other natural hazards, and climate change

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12
Q

What are legal areas that could affect ERM?

A
  • Consumer protection
  • Intellectual property rights
  • Antitrust
  • Laws relating to corporate liability
  • Employement laws
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13
Q

What are social factors that affect ERM?

A
  • Culture
  • Lifestyle
  • Demographic trends
  • Use of technology
  • Education levels
  • Provision of health services
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14
Q

What are economic factors that affect ERM?

A
  • Capital markets
  • Availability and cost of capital
  • Volatility of local and global markets
  • Macroeconomic factors (GDP, inflation, unemployement, etc.)
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15
Q

What are political issues that could create risk for an enterprise?

A
  • Government policy
  • Public sentiment
  • Civil unrest
  • Tax policies
  • Trade restrictions
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16
Q

In risk analysis and risk evaluation, what does PESTLE stand for?

A

Political
Economic
Social
Technical
Legal
Environmental

17
Q

What is a risk map and what is it used for?

A

The risk map is a qualitative assessment in diagram form of the likelyhood of a risk event occurring and the potential severity of loss if the event does occur.

18
Q

What are typical metrics used in a risk appetite statement?

A
  • Share price
  • Earnings volatility
  • Excess capital over regulatory minimum requirements
  • Credit rating
  • Credit risk
  • Customer satisfaction
  • Reputation
19
Q

What are the 4 stages of the ERM Process (cycle)?

A
  1. Risk appetite and risk tolerance
  2. Risk identification
  3. Risk analysis and evaluation
  4. Risk treatment
20
Q

How can ERM help generate revenues?

A

By understanding and exploiting risks that can offer an acceptable risk-return trade-off and by treating the allocation of the firm’s risk budget

21
Q

How can ERM be both top-down AND bottom-up in an enterprise?

A

Although the risk appetite and risk culture are communicated from the top down, the identification of key organizations risks will usually involve a combination of top-down and bottom-up analysis.

22
Q

Define Enterprise Risk Management

A

Enterprise risk management is a process effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity and manage risk to be within its risk appetite.

23
Q

What is operationnal risk management?

A

ORM is concerned with ensuring that the day-to-day operations of a firm run smoothly

24
Q

What is project risk management?

A

PRM is the analysis and management of risks inherent in implementing business projects

25
Q

What is the concept of Asset liability management (ALM)?

A

ALM considers risk arising from mismatching of assets and liabilities.

26
Q

What is the distinction between risk tolerance and risk appetite?

A

The risk tolerance of the business sets the upper and lower limits of the risk corridor, and the risk appetite describes the target level of risk within the corridor under normal circumstances