1. Introduction to Disability

Question 1

What are the four models of disability?

Answer 1

Moral
Medical
Rehabilitation
Disability

Question 2

Describe the Moral Model of disability

Answer 2

Regards disability as the result of sin

Question 3

Describe the Medical Model of disability

Answer 3

Regards disability as a defect or sickness which must be cured through medical intervention

Question 4

Describe the Rehabilitation Model of disability

Answer 4

An offshoot of the medical model, which regards the disability as a deficiency that must be fixed by a rehabilitation professional or other helping professional

Question 5

Describe the Disability Model of disability

Answer 5

Under which “the problem is defined as a dominating attitude by professionals and others, inadequate support services when compared with society generally, as well as attitudinal, architectural, sensory, cognitive, and economic barriers, and the strong tendency for people to generalize about all persons with disabilities overlooking the large variations within the disability community.”

Question 6

Name the two socio-cultural issues surrounding disability

Answer 6

1. Social Stigma

2. Discrimination

Question 7

What are the consequences of social stigmas surrounding disability?

Answer 7

• Hide family members with a disability

* Restricts access to education, rehabilitation services and job opportunities.

Question 8

What are the consequences of discrimination on the basis of disability?

Answer 8

• Impediments to infrastructure

* Accessibility to education, health services and work

Question 9

How does the WHO define rehabilitation/habilitation?

Answer 9

Processes intended to enable people with disabilities to reach and maintain optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological and/or social function.

Question 10

What, according to the WHO does rehabilitation encompass?

Answer 10

Wide range of activities including rehabilitative medical care, physical, psychological, speech, and occupational therapy and support services.

Question 11

How does the WHO define ‘Disability’, and in what report did it do so?

Answer 11

Disability is the umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions, referring to the negative aspects of the interaction between an individual (with a health condition) and that individual’s contextual factors

Question 12

List the 9 recommendations of the 2012 WHO ‘Report on Disability’.

Answer 12

1. Enable access to all mainstream policies, systems, and services
2. Invest in specific programs and services for people with disabilities
3. Adopt a national disability strategy and plan of action
4. Involve people with disabilities
5. Improve human resource capacity
6. Provide adequate funding and improve affordability
7. Increase public awareness and understanding of disability
8. Improve disability data collection
9. Strengthen and support research on disability

Question 13

What is the ICFDH?

Answer 13

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Question 14

What are the aims of the ICFDH?

Answer 14

• Establish a scientific basis for consequences of health conditions.
• Establish a common language to improve communications
• Permit comparison of data across: Countries, Health care disciplines, Services, Time
• Provide a systematic coding scheme for health information systems

Question 15

Explain the concept of equity and parity within the context of disability.

Answer 15

Loss of limb
landmines = diabetes = thalidomide

Missed days at usual activities
flu = depression = back pain = angina

Stigma
leprosy = schizophrenia = epilepsy = HIV

Question 16

Define Activity Limitations

Answer 16

Difficulties an individual may have in executing activities

Question 17

Define Participation Restrictions

Answer 17

Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations.

Question 18

What are environmental factors in the context of disability?

Answer 18

Environmental factors make up the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives.

Question 19

What two pieces of legislation deal with disability in Irish Law?

Answer 19

1. Disability Act 2005

2. UN Convention of Disability

Question 20

What does the Disability Act 2005 establish?

Answer 20

Establishes a basis for;
• Independent assessment of individual needs, a related service statement & independent redress & enforcement for persons with disabilities
• Access to public buildings, services & information
• Sectoral plans
• An obligation on public bodies to be proactive in employing people with disabilities
• Restricting the use of information from genetic testing for employment, mortgage & insurance purposes
• A Centre for Excellence in Universal Design.