(1) Introduction to Chemistry

Question 1

• Chemist
• Discovered many noble gases
• Said that a country that excels in the field of Chemistry can achieve prosperity and stability in terms of social economic and political aspects

Answer 1

William Ramsay

Question 2

Examples of the Applications of Chemistry (6)

Answer 2

1. Agriculture
2. Water Treatment
3. Material Science
4. Medicine
5. Plastic Industry
6. Clothing

Question 3

Fertilizer is rich in what two elements?

Answer 3

Nitrogen and Phosphorous

Question 4

What process is the conversion of seawater to freshwater? It separates mixtures.

Answer 4

Reverse Osmosis

Question 5

Plastics are made up of what?

Answer 5

Polymers

Question 6

What are polymers?

Answer 6

Long-chain of molecules

Question 7

Fibers are made up of?

Answer 7

Cellulose/Polysaccharide

Question 8

Chemistry in our daily lives (6)

Answer 8

1. Toothpaste
2. Soaps
3. Shampoo
4. Food
5. Transportation
6. Industries related to food, cosmetics, medicine, and clothing

Question 9

What is the function of a Fluoride ion (F^-1)

Answer 9

It prevents tooth decay

Question 10

An essential ingredient in soap.

Answer 10

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Question 11

Essential Component of shampoo

Answer 11

Sodium Sulfate

Question 12

What is the function of (Na2 SO4)?

Answer 12

It has a cleansing effect that removes dandruff or dirt on the hair.

Question 13

Food’s main source of biomolecules for growth and development (3)

Answer 13

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats

Question 14

Essential components that must be included for the creation of these modes in transportation (3)

Answer 14

1. Metals
2. Alloys
3. Rubber

Question 15

What are alloys?

Answer 15

A mixture of two or more metals

Question 16

Definition of Chemistry

Answer 16

Study of Matter

Question 17

Definition of Matter

Answer 17

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 18

Definition of Mass

Answer 18

Quantity/Amount of substance present in that particular sample of matter

Question 19

Chemistry focuses on these scopes (4)

Answer 19

1. Structure
2. Composition
3. Properties
4. Transformation

Question 20

Give the corresponding chemical composition of the ff:

1. Water
2. Bleaching Agent or Clorox
3. Chalk (Limestone/Marble)
4. Saltpeter or Salitre
5. Antacid or Kremil-S

Answer 20

1. Dihydrogen oxide - H₂O
2. Sodium Hypochlorite - NaClO
3. Calcium Carbonate - Ca (CO₃)₂
4. Potassium Nitrate - KNO₃
5. Aluminum Hydroxide - Al (OH)₃ and Magnesium Hydroxide - Mg (OH)₃

Question 21

What is the function of KNO₃?

Answer 21

Preserves processed meat products

Question 22

KNO₃ is a _______ agent. What should be done?

Answer 22

carcinogenic - cause cancer

Limit intake of processed foods

Question 23

What is the function of aluminum hydroxide?

Answer 23

Prevents hyperacidity for those people who suffered from gastric ulcer

Question 24

Al (OH)₃ and Mg (OH)₃ are _____ substances. What are their functions?

Answer 24

They neutralize the acidity of gastric ulcers and other related diseases.

Question 25

Similarities of a diamond and graphite

Answer 25

Both are made up of Carbon atom

Question 26

Difference in terms of their __________, specifically in terms of their ________. Difference between a diamond and graphite

Answer 26

properties, hardness arrangement of Carbon atoms Diamond: tetrahedral or triangular pyramid. 3D Graphite: hexagonal. 2D

Question 27

Substances that are made up of the same element, but differ in terms of forms/arrangements

Answer 27

Allotropes

Question 28

What are the Noble/Inert Gases?

Answer 28

``` He Ne Xe Ar Kr ```

Question 29

It will not form any compounds

Answer 29

octet

Question 30

What is involved in transformation?

Answer 30

energy