1. Introduction to cellular compounds and their functions Flashcards
What molecules are macromolecules?
Lipids, polysaccharides, Nucleic acids, Proteins.
What are the two types of bonds between the phosphate groups and ribose group in ATP?
There are anhydride bonds between the phosphate groups and an ester binds them to the ribose.
Why do cells require catalysts to reduce activation energy?
Because cells must be at a constant temperature of 37 degrees so cannot lower the activation energy by raising the temperature.
What makes the alpha glucose form a helix?
The geometry of the glycosidic bond means that the polymer is curved, hydrogen bonds form between curved helix and this stabilises the molecule.
What makes beta glucose form pleated sheets?
Every other beta glucose is flipped, this means that the polymer is a flat chain. Hydrogen bonds form between chains to form a sheet.
Explain why a phospholipid is amphipathic?
The head group of the lipid is hydrophilic and polar. The tail group is hydrophobic and non polar.
Which of the bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?
Adenine and guanine are purines (double ring). Thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines (single ring).
What direction does DNA go in?
5’ to 3’
What bases are pairs and how are they held together?
Adenine and Thymine are base pairs. Guanine and Cytosine are base pairs. They are held together by hydrogen bonds.
The nitrogenous bases forms the hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands why do they face inwards?
That side of the DNA is non polar.
Which enzymes converts Glc-6-P to Fructose-6-P?
Hexokinase
