1: Introduction to Atoms and Its Structure Flashcards
What is the basic building block of matter?
Atom
What are the two fundamental components of an atom?
Nucleus and electron
What is the positively charged, central, and dense core of an atom called?
Nucleus
What is the smaller, negatively charged particle of an atom that occupies regions of space around the nucleus in orbitals called?
Electron
What are the two types of nucleons that comprise the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What charge does a proton carry?
Positive
What charge does a neutron carry?
Neutral
What are the smaller particles that make up a proton and neutron called?
Quark
A proton contains _ up quark(s) and _ down quark(s).
2, 1
A neutron contains _ up quark(s) and _ down quark(s).
1, 2
An atom is approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.
8
The nucleus of an atom is approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.
12
The proton and neutron are approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.
13
The electron and quark are approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.
16
The innermost electron shell is called the what shell?
K
The second electron shell is called the what shell?
L
The outermost shell that contains an electron is called the what shell?
Valence
The energy required to completely remove an electron (or any particle) from an atom is called?
Binding energy
What unit is binding energy in?
Electron volt
Electrons will have higher/lower binding energy the closer they are to the nucleus?
Higher
When an electron moves from one shell to another the binding energy is equal to the _ in the binding energy of the two shells.
Difference
When an electron is removed from an atom, the atom is said to be what?
Ionized
A “packet” of electromagnetic energy, often represented in health physics as a wavy line is called a what?
Photon
When an electron moves from a lower energy shell to a higher energy shell this is called what?
Excitation
When an electron is removed from an atom, the now positively charged atom and the electron is called what?
Ion pair
Due to ionization, when an electron moves from an outer shell to an inner shell, the difference in binding energy is released as what?
Characteristic x-ray
The number of protons in the nucleus and what identifies the element is called the what?
Atomic number Z
The number of neutrons in the nucleus is called the what?
Neutron number N
The number of nucleons in the nucleus (protons + neutrons) is called the what?
Atomic mass number A
