1: Introduction to Atoms and Its Structure

Question 1

What is the basic building block of matter?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

What are the two fundamental components of an atom?

Answer 2

Nucleus and electron

Question 3

What is the positively charged, central, and dense core of an atom called?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

What is the smaller, negatively charged particle of an atom that occupies regions of space around the nucleus in orbitals called?

Answer 4

Electron

Question 5

What are the two types of nucleons that comprise the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 5

Protons and neutrons

Question 6

What charge does a proton carry?

Answer 6

Positive

Question 7

What charge does a neutron carry?

Answer 7

Neutral

Question 8

What are the smaller particles that make up a proton and neutron called?

Answer 8

Quark

Question 9

A proton contains _ up quark(s) and _ down quark(s).

Answer 9

2, 1

Question 10

A neutron contains _ up quark(s) and _ down quark(s).

Answer 10

1, 2

Question 11

An atom is approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.

Answer 11

8

Question 12

The nucleus of an atom is approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.

Answer 12

12

Question 13

The proton and neutron are approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.

Answer 13

13

Question 14

The electron and quark are approximately ten to the negative _ centimeters.

Answer 14

16

Question 15

The innermost electron shell is called the what shell?

Answer 15

K

Question 16

The second electron shell is called the what shell?

Answer 16

L

Question 17

The outermost shell that contains an electron is called the what shell?

Answer 17

Valence

Question 18

The energy required to completely remove an electron (or any particle) from an atom is called?

Answer 18

Binding energy

Question 19

What unit is binding energy in?

Answer 19

Electron volt

Question 20

Electrons will have higher/lower binding energy the closer they are to the nucleus?

Answer 20

Higher

Question 21

When an electron moves from one shell to another the binding energy is equal to the _ in the binding energy of the two shells.

Answer 21

Difference

Question 22

When an electron is removed from an atom, the atom is said to be what?

Answer 22

Ionized

Question 23

A “packet” of electromagnetic energy, often represented in health physics as a wavy line is called a what?

Answer 23

Photon

Question 24

When an electron moves from a lower energy shell to a higher energy shell this is called what?

Answer 24

Excitation

Question 25

When an electron is removed from an atom, the now positively charged atom and the electron is called what?

Answer 25

Ion pair

Question 26

Due to ionization, when an electron moves from an outer shell to an inner shell, the difference in binding energy is released as what?

Answer 26

Characteristic x-ray

Question 27

The number of protons in the nucleus and what identifies the element is called the what?

Answer 27

Atomic number Z

Question 28

The number of neutrons in the nucleus is called the what?

Answer 28

Neutron number N

Question 29

The number of nucleons in the nucleus (protons + neutrons) is called the what?

Answer 29

Atomic mass number A