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anatomy & physiology I > 1: introduction, basics > Flashcards

1: introduction, basics Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structure

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2
Q

regional anatomy

A

structures in one part of the body

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3
Q

systemic anatomy

A

groups of structures that work together to perform body function

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4
Q

surface anatomy

A

study of external features of the body

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5
Q

regional, systemic, and surface anatomy are subunits of

A

gross/macroscopic anatomy

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6
Q

cytology

A

study of the cell

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7
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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8
Q

cytology and histology are subunits of

A

microscopic anatomy

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9
Q

embryology

A

study of developmental changes of the body before birth

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10
Q

pathological anatomy

A

study of changes caused by disesae

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11
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

study of structures visualized by x-ray

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12
Q

molecular biology

A

study of anatomical structures at a molecular level

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13
Q

physiology

A

functions of body

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14
Q

structural organization

A

atoms
molecules
tissues
organ
organ system
organism

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15
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining stable equilibrium

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16
Q

what factors maintain homeostasis?

A

chemical, thermal, neural

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17
Q

anatomical position

A

body erect
feet slightly apart
palms facing forward
thumbs pointing away from body

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18
Q

superior (cranial)

A

toward head

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19
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

towards feet

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20
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front

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21
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back

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22
Q

medial

A

toward midline

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23
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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24
Q

proximal

A

closer to origin point

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25
Q

distal

A

farther from origin point

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26
Q

superficial

A

toward body surface

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27
Q

deep

A

away from body surface

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28
Q

axial region

A

head, neck, trunk

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29
Q

appendicular region

A

appendages/limbs

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30
Q

nasal

A

nose

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31
Q

oral

A

mouth

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32
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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33
Q

orbital

A

eye

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34
Q

buccal

A

cheek

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35
Q

mental

A

chin

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36
Q

acromial

A

point of shoulder

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37
Q

sternal

A

breastbone

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38
Q

axillary

A

armpit

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39
Q

thoracic

A

chest

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40
Q

mammary

A

breast

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41
Q

abdominal

A

abdomen

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42
Q

umbilical

A

navel

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43
Q

brachial

A

arm

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44
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

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45
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

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46
Q

carpal

A

wrist

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47
Q

pollex

A

thumb

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48
Q

palmar

A

palm

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49
Q

digital

A

fingers

50
Q

pelvic

A

pelvis

51
Q

coxal

A

hip

52
Q

inguinal

A

groin

53
Q

pubic

A

genital region

54
Q

femoral

A

thigh

55
Q

patellar

A

anterior knee

56
Q

crural

A

leg

57
Q

fibular/peroneal

A

side of leg

58
Q

pedal

A

foot

59
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

60
Q

digital

A

toes

61
Q

hallux

A

great toe

62
Q

cephalic

A

head, posterior

63
Q

otic

A

ear, posterior

64
Q

occipital

A

back of head, neck

65
Q

vertebral

A

spinal column

66
Q

dorsum, dorsal

A

back

67
Q

olecranal

A

back of elbow

68
Q

lumbar

A

loin

69
Q

sacral

A

between hips

70
Q

gluteal

A

buttock

71
Q

perineal

A

region between anus and external genitalia

72
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

73
Q

sural

A

calf

74
Q

calcaneal

A

heel

75
Q

plantar

A

sole

76
Q

sagittal

A

body divided into left and right

77
Q

midsagittal

A

plane lying on the midline

78
Q

frontal/coronal

A

body divided to anterior/posterior

79
Q

transverse/horizontal

A

body divided to superior and inferior

80
Q

oblique section

A

diagonal cuts

81
Q

dorsal cavity

A

protects nervous system

82
Q

dorsal cavity subdivision

A

cranial, vertebral

83
Q

cranial cavity

A

within skull, includes brain

84
Q

vertebral cavity

A

vertebral column, encases spinal cord

85
Q

ventral cavity

A

houses internal organs (viscera)

86
Q

ventral cavity subdivisions

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic

87
Q

thoracic cavity subdivisions

A

pleural, mediastinum, pericardial

88
Q

pleural cavity

A

houses lungs

89
Q

mediastinum

A

between lungs; includes heart, esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels

90
Q

pericardial cavity

A

heart

91
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm

92
Q

abdominopelvic subdivisions

A

abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

93
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, etc.

94
Q

pelvic cavity

A

within pelvis, contains bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

95
Q

ventral body cavity membranes

A

parietal serosa, visceral serosa

96
Q

parietal serosa

A

lines internal body walls

97
Q

visceral serosa

A

covers internal organs

98
Q

serous fluid

A

separates serosae

99
Q

abdominopelvic regions

A

umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric (public), hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac/inguinal

100
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

101
Q

metabolism

A

internal chemical changes

102
Q

anabolism

A

synthesis

103
Q

catabolism

A

digestion

104
Q

physiological variation

A

sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity

105
Q

negative feedback

A

allows for dynamic equilibrium within limited range around set point

106
Q

receptor

A

senses change in body

107
Q

integrating (control) center

A

processes sensory information, makes “decision”, directs response

108
Q

effector

A

cell/organ carrying out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis

109
Q

integumentary system

A

external body covering; protects deeper tissues from injury; vitamin D synthesis; cutaneous receptors; sweat and oil glands

110
Q

skeletal system

A

protects and supports body organs; provides framework for muscles to cause movement; blood cells form within bones; mineral storage

111
Q

muscular system

A

manipulation of environment, locomotion, facial expression; posture; heat production

112
Q

nervous system

A

control system of body; responds to internal and external changes in activating muscles and glands

113
Q

endocrine system

A

glands secrete hormones that regular processes like growth, reproduction, metabolism

114
Q

cardiovascular system

A

blood vessels transport blood, carries oxygen, co2, nutrients, wastes, etc.

115
Q

lymphatic system

A

returns leaked fluid from blood vessels into blood; disposes debris; white blood cells; attacks against foreign substances

116
Q

respiratory system

A

blood constantly supplied oxygen, removes co2; exchange occurs through walls of lungs’ air sacs

117
Q

digestive system

A

breaks down food into units that enter blood for distribution to body cells; creates feces

118
Q

urinary system

A

eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood

119
Q

male reproductive system

A

offspring production; testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands deliver sperm to FRT

120
Q

female reproductive system

A

ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormone; structure serves as a site for fertilization and fetus development; mammary glands produce milk

anatomy & physiology I (2 decks)

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