1: introduction, basics Flashcards
1
Q
anatomy
A
study of the structure
2
Q
regional anatomy
A
structures in one part of the body
3
Q
systemic anatomy
A
groups of structures that work together to perform body function
4
Q
surface anatomy
A
study of external features of the body
5
Q
regional, systemic, and surface anatomy are subunits of
A
gross/macroscopic anatomy
6
Q
cytology
A
study of the cell
7
Q
histology
A
study of tissues
8
Q
cytology and histology are subunits of
A
microscopic anatomy
9
Q
embryology
A
study of developmental changes of the body before birth
10
Q
pathological anatomy
A
study of changes caused by disesae
11
Q
radiographic anatomy
A
study of structures visualized by x-ray
12
Q
molecular biology
A
study of anatomical structures at a molecular level
13
Q
physiology
A
functions of body
14
Q
structural organization
A
atoms
molecules
tissues
organ
organ system
organism
15
Q
homeostasis
A
maintaining stable equilibrium
16
Q
what factors maintain homeostasis?
A
chemical, thermal, neural
17
Q
anatomical position
A
body erect
feet slightly apart
palms facing forward
thumbs pointing away from body
18
Q
superior (cranial)
A
toward head
19
Q
inferior (caudal)
A
towards feet
20
Q
anterior (ventral)
A
front
21
Q
posterior (dorsal)
A
back
22
Q
medial
A
toward midline
23
Q
lateral
A
away from midline
24
Q
proximal
A
closer to origin point
25
distal
farther from origin point
26
superficial
toward body surface
27
deep
away from body surface
28
axial region
head, neck, trunk
29
appendicular region
appendages/limbs
30
nasal
nose
31
oral
mouth
32
frontal
forehead
33
orbital
eye
34
buccal
cheek
35
mental
chin
36
acromial
point of shoulder
37
sternal
breastbone
38
axillary
armpit
39
thoracic
chest
40
mammary
breast
41
abdominal
abdomen
42
umbilical
navel
43
brachial
arm
44
antecubital
front of elbow
45
antebrachial
forearm
46
carpal
wrist
47
pollex
thumb
48
palmar
palm
49
digital
fingers
50
pelvic
pelvis
51
coxal
hip
52
inguinal
groin
53
pubic
genital region
54
femoral
thigh
55
patellar
anterior knee
56
crural
leg
57
fibular/peroneal
side of leg
58
pedal
foot
59
tarsal
ankle
60
digital
toes
61
hallux
great toe
62
cephalic
head, posterior
63
otic
ear, posterior
64
occipital
back of head, neck
65
vertebral
spinal column
66
dorsum, dorsal
back
67
olecranal
back of elbow
68
lumbar
loin
69
sacral
between hips
70
gluteal
buttock
71
perineal
region between anus and external genitalia
72
popliteal
back of knee
73
sural
calf
74
calcaneal
heel
75
plantar
sole
76
sagittal
body divided into left and right
77
midsagittal
plane lying on the midline
78
frontal/coronal
body divided to anterior/posterior
79
transverse/horizontal
body divided to superior and inferior
80
oblique section
diagonal cuts
81
dorsal cavity
protects nervous system
82
dorsal cavity subdivision
cranial, vertebral
83
cranial cavity
within skull, includes brain
84
vertebral cavity
vertebral column, encases spinal cord
85
ventral cavity
houses internal organs (viscera)
86
ventral cavity subdivisions
thoracic and abdominopelvic
87
thoracic cavity subdivisions
pleural, mediastinum, pericardial
88
pleural cavity
houses lungs
89
mediastinum
between lungs; includes heart, esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels
90
pericardial cavity
heart
91
abdominopelvic cavity
separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm
92
abdominopelvic subdivisions
abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
93
abdominal cavity
contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, etc.
94
pelvic cavity
within pelvis, contains bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
95
ventral body cavity membranes
parietal serosa, visceral serosa
96
parietal serosa
lines internal body walls
97
visceral serosa
covers internal organs
98
serous fluid
separates serosae
99
abdominopelvic regions
umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric (public), hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac/inguinal
100
abdominopelvic quadrants
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
101
metabolism
internal chemical changes
102
anabolism
synthesis
103
catabolism
digestion
104
physiological variation
sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity
105
negative feedback
allows for dynamic equilibrium within limited range around set point
106
receptor
senses change in body
107
integrating (control) center
processes sensory information, makes "decision", directs response
108
effector
cell/organ carrying out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis
109
integumentary system
external body covering; protects deeper tissues from injury; vitamin D synthesis; cutaneous receptors; sweat and oil glands
110
skeletal system
protects and supports body organs; provides framework for muscles to cause movement; blood cells form within bones; mineral storage
111
muscular system
manipulation of environment, locomotion, facial expression; posture; heat production
112
nervous system
control system of body; responds to internal and external changes in activating muscles and glands
113
endocrine system
glands secrete hormones that regular processes like growth, reproduction, metabolism
114
cardiovascular system
blood vessels transport blood, carries oxygen, co2, nutrients, wastes, etc.
115
lymphatic system
returns leaked fluid from blood vessels into blood; disposes debris; white blood cells; attacks against foreign substances
116
respiratory system
blood constantly supplied oxygen, removes co2; exchange occurs through walls of lungs' air sacs
117
digestive system
breaks down food into units that enter blood for distribution to body cells; creates feces
118
urinary system
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood
119
male reproductive system
offspring production; testes produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands deliver sperm to FRT
120
female reproductive system
ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormone; structure serves as a site for fertilization and fetus development; mammary glands produce milk
