1: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Flashcards
- Defined as a rule of conduct, just, obligatory, and promulgated by legitimate authority, and of common observance and benefit.
LAW
- The purpose of this prohibition is to prevent a person from relieving himself/herself of any liability by claiming that he/she is ignorant of the law.
Ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance therewith. [2] (Ignorantia legis neminem excusat)
- This is based on the Latin maxim Lex prospicit, non respicit (the law looks forward, not backward).
- Laws, including administrative rules and regulations, operate prospectively because the retroactive application of a law usually divests rights that have already become vested.
Laws shall have no retroactive effect, unless the contrary is provided.
- The doctrine of waiver extends to rights and privileges of any character.
- Such rights and privileges rests in the individual, is intended for his/her sole benefit, does not infringe on the rights of others, and, provided further, the waiver of the right or privilege is not forbidden by law, and does not contravene public policy, public order, morals, and good customs.
Rights may be waived, unless the waiver is contrary to law, public order, public policy, morals, or good customs, or prejudicial to a third person with a right recognized by law. [5]
- Only a law can repeal another law.
- The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. It is the basic and paramount law to which all other laws must conform and to which all persons, including the highest officials of the land, must defer.
Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their violation or non-observance shall not be excused by disuse, custom, or practice to the contrary. When the courts declared a law to be inconsistent with the Constitution, the former shall be void and the latter shall govern. Administrative or executive acts, orders, and regulations shall be valid only when they are not contrary to the laws or the Constitution
“a rule of conduct formed by repetition of acts, uniformly observed (practiced) as a social rule, legally binding and obligatory.”
- Custom
- A ______ custom as a source of right cannot be considered unless it is properly established by competent evidence
local
- Are legislative fiats that have legal effects in the practice of Medical Technology in the Philippines.
- These laws set limitations, basic rights, responsibilities, and obligations that a professional who engages in the practice of Medical Technology must observe.
- In its strict sense, these laws are special penal laws because a violation of any of its provisions is punishable either by a fine, imprisonment, or both.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY LAWS
- The primary function of a punishment is to protect society against actual and potential wrongdoers in the practice of a profession, [11] including medical technology.
- It is necessary that the punishability of malpractice be reasonably foreseen for the guidance of society. [12]
FUNCTION OF THE PUNISHMENT RECOMMENDED BY MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY LAWS
Parameters to determine if the human act is morally good:
- The act must be good in itself
- The act must be good in its end
- The circumstances other than the end must be good
- A _____, ancient physicians examined specimens from patients.
priori
- The oldest known test is _________ and has been carried out since ancient times.
urinalysis
- _______: Physicians in Babylon made observations on the color and consistency of urine
4000BC
- 1500 BC: Egyptian documents such as the ______________ contained accounts describing polyuria and intestinal worms (the three hookworms), and these records were confirmed with the discovery of calcified helminth eggs in mummies dating back to 1200 BC. The document is based on previous papyri dated around 5000BC found in Thebes, Egypt.
Ebers Papyrus
- Greek physician born around 460 BC who closely studied signs and symptoms in humans and correlated these with possible diseases.
- He rejected the concept of sickness as a punishment from gods.
- “Father of Medicine”
- He indoctrinated not only the scientific importance of medicine but also its ethical standards, as enshrined in the “Hippocratic Oath”.
Hippocrates
- Indian physicians observed that some types of urine attracted insects due to its high sugar content and called it madhumeha or “honey urine”
500 AD
- ___________, a Jewish physician and philosopher, had devised guidelines for using urine as a diagnostic aid.
900 AD, Isaac Judaeus
- ______________ proposed a primitive version of the “germ theory”. This was validated by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur.
Girolamo Fracastoro, 16th Century
- _______ also discovered the tubercle bacillus as the causative agent of tuberculosis.
Koch
- ___________ described the circulation of blood.
William Harvey
o fortified the concept by ascertaining the existence of capillaries.
o Described as the “greatest” of the early microscopists.
o His work in embryology and anatomy marked him as “The Founder of Pathology”
- Marcelo Malpighi
- ____________ conducted the first successful blood transfusion in animals
Richard Lower, 1665
- Considered as the premier phase of laboratory medicine, following the invention of microscopes.
Latter part of the 17th Century
- invented the so-called “Leeuwenhoek microscopes”
- His invention allowed humans to observe bacteria from teeth scrapings and protozoa from animal intestines in 1674.
- He also made accurate descriptions of spermatozoa (1677) and red blood cells (1684)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
o Pioneered clinical cytology and described the microscopic structure of various types of cancer.
- Johannes Muller
o Established the fundamentals of cellular pathology.
o Founder of the Archives of Pathology in Berlin in 1847
- Rudolf Virchow
o Made the landmark observation that the mold Penicillium killed staphylococci in culture.
- Alexander Fleming
o An Austrian physician who discovered the major blood groups in 1909, and he received the 1930 Nobel Prize for Medicine for this achievement.
o He established the Rh blood group system around 1940
- Karl Landsteiner
- During this period, Medical Technology education was already offered as a course in different schools worldwide
1940
- American occupation
- Public health education was introduced
- Legislation was passed for the establishment of School of Hygiene and Public Health
1921
- University of the Philippines formally opened its degree-granting School of Hygiene and Public Health (this course is analogous to Medical Technology education)
1927
- Department of Public Health was created
- Commonwealth Era- health education, including public health hospitals and laboratory services was strengthened.
1939
- The development of public health in general was impeded.
- The Philippines was invaded by the Empire of Japan
- Widespread destruction of medical facilities including public health laboratories occurred during this time.
- After 5 years of hostilities, the Philippine public health sector exerted its earnest effort to rise from the ashes of war.
World War II
- The 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th United States Army arrived in the Philippines and established its advanced clinical laboratory at 208 Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila. This was the first modern clinical laboratory of the country.
September 1945
- The laboratory was left in the care of the Department of Health
- The clinical laboratory was re-organized by Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda, with the assistance of Dr. Mariano Icasiano
- It was renamed as Manila Public Health Laboratory
- Training of laboratory technicians ensued but did not last long because the formal education of medical technology in the Philippines began
Departure of the 6th US Army
- The Philippine Union College (Adventist University of the Philippines) offered medical technology as a two-year course through the effort of Willa Hilgert Hedrick, the pioneer of medical technology education in the Philippines.
1953
- Founder of Medical Technology Education in the Philippines
- American Medical Practitioner
- Missionary of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church
Dr. Willa Hilgert Hedrick
- Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas offered medical technology as an elective subject to 4th and 5th year B.S. Pharmacy Students.
1954
- Dr. Jesse Umali of Philippine Union College became the first Medical Technology Graduate.
1955
- Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez, O.P.
o In 1958, he visited the Board of Registry for Medical Technology in Muncie, Indiana due to the encouragement by the Board of Registry to start the course in Medical Technology.
o decided to offer medical technology as a course because of its popularity among pharmacy students.
1957-1958
- After a series of meetings with the Bureau of Private Education the first three years of Medical Technology Curriculum were approved.
June 17, 1959
- Medical Technology course was then offered by more schools and eventually adopted a four-year curriculum (FULL CURRICULUM) as it gained popularity in the field of science and technology.
- Full Curriculum includes Internship
June 1960
- The Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology course was approved.
June14, 1961
- Republic Act No. 5527, otherwise known as “The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969” was enacted
June 21, 1969
- is the national organization of all Registered Medical Technologists (RMTs) in the Philippines.
- It was founded on September 15, 1963 in the the Public Health Laboratory located at 208 Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
- Organized by Mr. Crisanto G. Almario “Father of PAMET”, who sought to standardize the profession and to improve and upgrade its practice.
THE PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS (PAMET)
- First PAMET President
Mr. Charlemagne T. Tamondong
- Under the efforts of the first PAMET president, Republic Act No. 5527, otherwise known as the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 was enacted.
June 21, 1969:
PAMET was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission
- October 14, 1969
PAMET was registered with the International Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists (IAMLT)
- 1970
- President Ferdinand Marcos declared the 3rd week of September as a celebration of the Medical Technology profession (Medtech Week).
September 21, 1972
- Presidential Decree No.223 was approved, thereby creating the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC)
June 22, 1973
- PAMET was accredited by the PRC as a professional organization of Medical Technologists.
- PAMET was officially recognized as the only accredited professional organization (APO) of RMTs in the Philippines.
July 15, 1975
- PAMET gained membership in the ASEAN Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists (AAMLT)
1985
- Two students of the Philippine Union College created the PAMET hymn
- PAMET formally adopted its official hymn, “Beloved PAMET”, which was written by Hector G. Gayares, Jr.
- Francis Jerota Pefanco placed music the composition
November 22, 1989:
- PRC Resolution No. 2018-1089, series of 2018 reiterated that PAMET is the only accredited professional organization of medical technologists recognized in the Philippines
2018
Emergence of Profession
Charlemagne T. Tamondong
Professional Recognition
Nardito D. Moraleta
Legislative Agenda
Felix E. Aspre
Celebration of the Profession
Bernardo T. Tabaosares
Career Advocacy
Angelina R. Jose
Educational Enhancement
Venerable Oca
Image Building
Carmencita P. Acedera
Proactivism
Marilyn R. Atienza
International Leadership
Norma N. Chang
Organizational Dynamism
Agnes B. Medenilla
Interdisciplinary Networking
Shirley F. Cruzada
Organizational Dynamism
Agnes B. Medenilla
Global Perspective
Leila M. Florento
Golden Celebration
Romeo Joseph J. Ignacio
Empowermen
Rolando E. Puno
Engagement
Rommel F. Saceda
“Yet to be known”
Luella A. Vertucio
- is the national organization of all recognized schools and colleges of medical technology and public health in the Philippines.
- It was established on May 13, 1970
- The first organizational meeting was held at the University of Santo Tomas on June 22, 1970
- Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes was elected as the first President.
- The first annual meeting was held at the University of Santo Tomas on May 17, 1971.
- Was formally registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a nonstock and non-profit entity on October 6, 1985
THE PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOLS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH (PASMETH)
- is the national organization of medical technology students.
- It is under the supervision of PASMETH president and under the administration of the Committee on Student Development of PASMETH.
- Is a special program that serves as a transforming venue for the integral and holistic development of medical technology/medical laboratory science students
THE PHILIPPINE SOCIETY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS (PHISMETS)
