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Ophthalmology > 1: Introduction > Flashcards

1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What can germinal centres in the iris look like?

A

Brown spots

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2
Q

What is the cause of a lipid ring in the eye?

A

High cholesterol, e.g. hypothyroidism or old age

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3
Q

What is a tigroid fundus?

A

Fundus pigmented like tiger

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4
Q

What can distant direct opthalmoscopy see?

A

Pupil size, strabismus, cataract

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5
Q

What does a cataract look like on distant direct ophthalmoscopy?

A

Black opacity

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6
Q

What dioptre is distant direct opthalmoscopy?

A

0

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7
Q

What can you see on direct opthalmoscopy?

A

Fundus, cataract, adnexa

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8
Q

What dioptre for fundus on direct opthalmoscopy?

A

0

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9
Q

What dioptre for cataract on direct opthalmoscopy?

A

10

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10
Q

What dioptre for adnexa on direct opthalmoscopy?

A

20

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11
Q

What are the two types of indirect loupe lens?

A

Monocular or binocular

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12
Q

When are indirect loupe lenses used?

A

Wider field of view so used to screen retinas

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13
Q

What kind of image does an indirect loupe lens give?

A

Inverted

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14
Q

What does gonioscopy measure?

A

Iridocorneal angle

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15
Q

How do you perform a Schirmer tear test?

A

In for one minute plus or minus anaesthetic

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16
Q

What is normal tear production?

A

10-20mm/min

17
Q

What is classed as dry eye?

A

Below 5mm/min

18
Q

When would you expect a high Schirmer tear test?

A

Irritated eye e.g. ulcer (over 18mm/min)

19
Q

What are the three types of tonometer?

A

Indentation, applanation, rebound

20
Q

What is a normal IOP?

A

15-20mmHg

21
Q

What happens to the IOP in inflammation?

A

Low (10mmHg) because PGs open new drainage pathways in ciliary body

22
Q

What does Rose Bengal do?

A

Adheres to areas deficient in mucus (e.g. dry eye)

23
Q

What is the limbus?

A

The edge of the iris

24
Q

What does the eye begin as embryologically?

A

The optic vesicle with overlying ectodermal placode

25
Q

What does the placode develop into?

A

Cornea and lens

26
Q

Which structures come from neural crest and mesenchyme?

A

Corneal stroma and epithelium, IC angle structure, neural ganglia, anterior segment vascularisation

27
Q

What normally happens to the blood vessels after supporting growth?

A

Apoptose

28
Q

What happens if blood vessels fail to apoptose?

A

Persist as membrane

29
Q

What can happen to macrophages in FIP?

A

Clump - “mutton fat”

Ophthalmology (9 decks)

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