1 - introduction Flashcards
what are the main elements supporting the emergence and evolution of OM
- mastery of time
- mastery of work
- mastery of transportation
- mastery of calculations
- mastery of energy
- mastery of info
- mastery of long-distance communication
what are the strategic attributes of the strategic goal?
- volume: large amount, accessibility
- lead time: produce as fast as possible
- cost: minimizing cost
- quality: promised superior product
- flexibility: adapt to consumers needs
- variety: offering great choice
which strategic attribute can be compensated by others?
cost
what strategic attribute should there be more emphasis on?
quality
what strategic leads to less control over cost and quality?
variety
what is effectiveness?
Effectiveness = consistently meeting targets (doing the correct thing)
what is efficiency?
Efficiency = ability to do things well. Closely linked to productivity = value of goods produced/value of material and production resources used
what are the inputs of the manufacturing sector?
- raw materials
- parts
- components
- supplier
what are the resources used during the transformation process of the manufacturing sector?
- labour (workforce)
- equipment (machines)
- energy
- etc
what is the output of the manufacturing sector?
value-added finished product in which resources cant be seen
can you give example of value-added and non-value-added activity?
manufacturing, during the transformation process adds value while warehousing, even though necessary, doesn’t ass value
what are the inputs of the service sector?
- provided by the customer*
- customer (cinema, resto, hotel, psy)
- customer’s goods (repair service)
- customer’s information (bank)
how are most operations of the manufacturing sector?
physical
how are most operations of the service sector?
- physical
- psychological
- intellectual
- changes to info
- change on location
what is needed during the transformation process of the service sector?
- supporting goods (cinema: popcorn, softdrinks, etc)
- resources (labour, equipment, energy, etc)
what are the outputs of the service sector?
- customer transformed
- customers goods or info transformed
what makes the service sector more complicated than the manufacturing sector?
A bit more complicated because customer is present throughout the operational process, so organization as to make it customer friendly and aesthetically pleasing
what are the characteristics of a good?
- Tangible product
- Consistent product definition
- Production usually separate from consumption
- Can be inventoried
- Low customer interaction
what are the characteristics of a service ?
- Intangible product
- Produced & consumed at same time
- Cannot be kept in inventory
- High customer interaction
- Inconsistent product definition
- Often knowledge-based
- Frequently dispersed
what are the external factors and some examples to take into consideration
- Political and legislative: minimal wage, work laws, alcohol permission, opening hours, trade agreements
- Economic: crisis, price of raw materials, property taxes, exchange rate
- Social: customer desire, social trends, aging of the population, immigration
- Tech: internet, GPS, communication
- Ecological: reusable bags, recycling, bio products (making it sustainable – raw materials, energy, waste and emissions)
what are the lvls of decisions in OM?
- strategic lvl (system design, 1-5 yrs)
- tactical lvl (system operation, 3-6 months)
- operational lvl (daily operation, daily/weekly)
what are different aspects of the strategic lvl of system design?
- Product service and design: what you produce
- Process design: how you produce (methods and technologies)
- Capacity: how many warehouses, facilities
what are different aspects of the tactical lvl of system design?
- manage (inventory mngmt, purchasing and logistics mngmt)
- plan (APP, MPS, MRP)
- control (quality control)
what are different aspects of the operational lvl of system execution?
- implementation of the plans
- allocation of resources
- execution and control of tasks
- mngmt of unforeseen events
give example of strategic, tactical and operational decision for a restaurant
- Strategic decisions: location, name prices, type of food, capacity, targeted customers
- Tactical decisions: nb of employees, website, opening hours, work schedules, choice of suppliers, inventory manage, defining menu
- Operational decisions: meal preparation, table arrangement, workforce variations
describe the supply chain?
the upstream supply chain suppliers raw materials, suppliers, power sources and service for our company to operate. Internal supply chain (internal logistics) = flow of materials and info between the different steps in the transformation process required to produce our products and preprare them for distribution. Downstream supply chain = when product leaves our company. If we produce finished products, they go on the market or to other organization that will further transform our product (that would place us in the upstream supply chain)
Reverse supply chain: starting point is the customer recycling its waste
what are the aspects of the integration of the supply chain?
- efficient flow of info
- efficient flow of material
- efficient monetary flow
in what 5 environmental mngmt aspects is OM implicated?
- product design (eco-conception, life cycle analysis)
- process design (add-ons or fundamental changes to the processes, waste mngmt)
- logistics (environmental impact of transportation, network optimization, reverse logistics)
- purchasing mngmt (environmental and social criteria used for supplier selection, 3R in packaging used during transport, waste mngmt)
- quality mngmt (decreasing rejects means using less resources, ISO 9001)
lean
- continuous improvement (lean production, customer-driven, elimination of overburden, inconsistency and waste)
- respect for ppl (employer=employee, sltn seekers, training, versatility, links to customers)
