1. Introduction

Question 1

How do you describe a disease?

Answer 1

Signalment, where is it occuring, duration of disease, etiology

Question 2

What is signalment in regards to DISEASES

Answer 2

Description of population most-at-risk

Question 3

Describe local, disseminated and systemic systems affected? What do they mean?

Answer 3

Local - Local affect a specific organ, part of body, system (GI tract)
Disseminated - Local disease has spread elsewhere
Systemic - Disease affects a number of organs/tissues or the whole body

Question 4

For clinical signs, describe asymptomatic, subclinical, clinical and fatal signs

Answer 4

Asymp - affected but no signs
Subclin - lacking detectable signs and symptoms on physical exam but detected by decreased func or prod, abnormal on tests (chemical)
Clinical - Recognizable signs, mild, moderate, severe
fatal - death

Question 5

What does peracute, acute, subacute and chronic mean?

Answer 5

Peracute - few hours from start to finish, most severe/fatal
acut - days to a couple of weeks start to finish
subacute
chronic - wks, mo, uyrs, less severe

Question 6

What are congenital diseases? What about inherited and non-inherited congenital diseases

Answer 6

Present from time of birth

Inherited - genetic condition passes from father/mother
non-inherited - damage to embryo or fetus due to infection, trauma, lack of blood, etc.

Question 7

What is the name of an agent or factor that causes harm to the embryo/fetus? What is the pathological process that results called?

Answer 7

Teratogen
Teratogenesis

Question 8

What are aquired diseased

Answer 8

occurs after birh, from external factor, never acquired

Question 9

What is an intrinsic disease

Answer 9

start within patient, no ouside influence

Question 10

What are degenerative diseases

Answer 10

occur overtime, related to natural wear and tear that occurs with aging process

Etc. chronic kidney disease

Question 11

what is extrinsic diseased

Answer 11

caused by something outside patient
ex. toxicities, infection, physical injury

Question 12

What is a primary disease?

Answer 12

happens first. Not associated with a previous disease or injury in that patient

Question 13

what is a secondary disease?

Answer 13

happens as a result of a previous disease, injury or event. A primary can cause a secondary. the second does not occur if the primary did not occur

Question 14

What do we mean when we say iatrogenic?

Answer 14

caused by medical examination or intervention

Question 15

what do we mean when we say idiopathic?

Answer 15

unknown rigin of disease, self-originated and self-sustaining

Question 16

What is DAMNIT-V?

Answer 16

A mnemonic for vets for all possible causes of a patients condition. Ex.

D - Developmental
A - Autoimmune
M - Metabolic
N - Nutritional
I - Inflammatory
T- Trauma
V - Vascular

Question 17

What is a zoonotic disease

Answer 17

pass from animals to humans

Question 18

What are the 6 things required to make a disease reportable?

Answer 18

1. high mortality or morbidity
2. high risk of transmission
3. Economic important
4. Zoonosis
5. Disease not currently in Canada
6. emerging diseases

Diseases difficult to treat, no treatment, current popu. has no immunity against them

Question 19

What is SOAP?

Answer 19

S- Subjective info
O - Objective info
(Problem list)
A - Assessment (Diagnosis)
P - plan (tx options, approach)

Question 20

What is preventative tx?

Answer 20

tx given to prevent a disease from occuring

Question 21

what is medical management?

Answer 21

using a combo of pharmacological drugs, fluids, nut. management, pain control, physical therapy to treat a condition. No surgery involved

Question 22

Surgical management?

Answer 22

Use surgery to tx a condition. DOes not exclude use of meds, fluids, nut management physical therapy

Question 23

What is empiracal tx?

Answer 23

treating w/o known diagnosis, based on bess guess due to lack of supporting evidence
patients response of tx sed to help vet determine actual diagnosis

Question 24

What is symptomatic tx?

Answer 24

combo of medical or surgical management. Addresses specific clinical signs or problems and does not address underlying cause of disease

Question 25

What is palliation or palliative care?

Answer 25

End of life care, treat symptioms, decrease pain

Question 26

What is prognosis?

Answer 26

a prediction of the outcome of the disease

Question 27

What is percent morbidity?

Answer 27

frequency with which disease occurs in a population.

State of POOR HEALTH and NOT death

Question 28

What is percent mortality

Answer 28

frequency of DEATH in the population

Question 29

What terms do you describe 100%, 90%, >60%, 50%, and >50% prognosis

Answer 29

Excellent >90% (see above)
Good >80%
Fair >70%
Guarded 60%
Poor 50% or less