1. Intro to the Nervous System

Question 1

What type of cells are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia?

Answer 1

Glia cells (support cells of the CNS)

Question 2

Afferent is info…

Answer 2

going TOWARDS the CNS

Question 3

Efferent is info…

Answer 3

going AWAY from the CNS

Question 4

Which areas of the CNS contribute to the sympathetic and parasympathetic signal??

Answer 4

Symp: Thoracolumbar (T1-L2) Preganglionic sympathetic neurones arises from the lateral horns of T1-L2
ParaS: Preganglionic neurones arise from brain stem and S2-4

Question 5

What produces CSF?

Answer 5

Choroid plexus

Question 6

4 divisions of the brain?

Answer 6

Cerebrum
Diencephslon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

Question 7

What makes up each hemisphere of the brain?

Answer 7

Cerebral cortex
Cerebral white matter
Nuclei (collection of cell bodies)

Question 8

The thalamus is a major relay station for?

Answer 8

1. Sensory impulses ascending to sensory cortex

2. Inputs from subcortical motor nuclei and cerebellum travelling to the cerebral motor cortex

Question 9

Functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

An important autonomic control centre
-Maintains water balance, regulates thirst, eating behaviour, GI activity and body temp
Controls activity of ant pituitary gland
Encloses the 3rd ventricle

Question 10

Structures that make up the midbrain?

Answer 10

Superior and inferir colliculi (visual and auditory reflex centres)
Red nucleus (subcortical motor centre)
Substantia nigra (involved in reward seeking, motor learning and others)

Surrounds cerebral aqueduct

Question 11

Role of the pons?

Answer 11

Conduction area for connections between the forebrain and cerebellum
The nuclei contribute to regulation of respiration, hearing and balance

Question 12

What is the role of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 12

Pyramidal decussation (crossing of corticospinal axons) before entering the spinal cord
Vital centres regulation (e.g. resp rhythm, HR and BP)
Non-vital centres regulation (e.g. cough, sneeze, vomit and swallowing)

Question 13

How does the cerebellum connect to the brainstem?

Answer 13

By cerebellar peduncles (sup, middle and inf)

Question 14

Name cranial nerves:
I
II
III

Answer 14

I = Olfactory
II= Optic
III = Oculomotor

Question 15

Name cranial nerves:
IV
V
VI

Answer 15

IV= Trochlear
V= Trigeminal
VI= Abducens

Question 16

Name cranial nerves:
VII
VIII
IX

Answer 16

VII= Facial
VIII = Vestibulococlear
IX= Glossopharyngeal

Question 17

Name cranial nerves:
X
XI
XII

Answer 17

X = Vagus
XI = Accessory
XII = Hypoglossal