1. Intro to Public Speaking

Question 1

Greeks and Romans

Answer 1

first to give definite rules and models to pubic speaking

Question 2

Fantistic Four

Answer 2

1. Aspasia of Miletus
2. Socrates
3. Plato
4. Aristole

Question 3

Aspasia of Miletus

Answer 3

mother of rhetoric believed to have taught rhetoric to Socrates

Question 4

Socrates

Answer 4

1. influenced direction of Classical Period
2. advocate free speech
3. developed system using questions to promote

Question 5

Plato

Answer 5

wrote about rhetoric using Socratic questioning in the form of dialogue with Socrate as the main character

defined rhetoric as an art to describe truth to an audience

good and bad purposes

Question 6

Sophists

Answer 6

1. early teachers of public speaking during classical period
2. flourished millennium around Greece democracy gained prominence
3. self appointed professors how to suceed in civic life of Greek States
4. Plato criticized Sophists using rhetoric as a means of deceit instead of discovery truth

Question 7

Aristole

Answer 7

1. study in plato’s academy
2. taught public speaking
3. opened own school of politics, science, philosophy, rhetoric
4. Greek Scholar
5. defined rhetoric as faulty of discovering possible means ofpersuassion in ref to any subjec
6. developed structure for persuasive argument
7. logical reason (logos)
   human character (ethos)
   emotioal appeal (pathos)
8. necessary to effectively persuade others

Question 8

footnote

Answer 8

in this period, there was a great emphasis on impotance of truth and ethics in public speaking

Question 9

Cicero (105-43 BCE)

Answer 9

one of the most significant rhetoricians of all time

creating the five canons of rhetoric

five step process for developing a persuasive speech

wrote texts on rhetorical theory highly throry that were highly influential throughout Middle Ages into Renaissance

his De Oratore (“on the orator”) was full statement of rhetorical theory highly influential principles in dialogue form that describes an ideal orator as a leader

his text Topic (“topic”) rhetorical treatment of common subjects of debte highly influential through Renaissance

Question 10

Quintilian (c. 35-95 CE)

Answer 10

1. Roman rhetoric teacher
2. built on Cicero’s work arguing public speaking inherently moral
3. stated ideal orator is “good man speaking well”

Question 11

1c. The Medival Period

Answer 11

(400 CE-1400 CE)

Question 12

Classical Period

Answer 12

tremendous growth and innovation in study of communication

Question 13

Medival Period

Answer 13

considered dark age of academic study in public speaking

Question 14

Christian Church

Answer 14

focused on prsuasion and develping public presentation to improve preaching

Question 15

St. Augustine (354-430)

Answer 15

1. christian clergyman and renowed rhetorician
2. argued for continued development of ideas org during Classical Period
3. thought study of persuasion of persuasion worthwhile pursuit for church
4. argued for study of persuasion to improve preaching in Christian Church and continued building came from Classical Period.

Question 16

Classical Period

Answer 16

saw decline in academic study of communication because secular rhetorical works considered pagan thought

Question 17

1d. The Renaissance

Answer 17

(1400-1600 CE)

Question 18

secular institutions (and) governments

Answer 18

started to compete with church for personal alleginances

style issues speaking situations received attention

Question 19

Petrus Ramus (1515-1572)

Answer 19

challenged scholars thought of truth, ethics, morals as they applied to communication

emphasized impotance of logic in public speaking saw style delivery as separate topics subordiate to logic

Question 20

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Answer 20

contemporay of William Shakespare

English philosopher and statesman considered founder of scientific method

successful orator

wrote essays on rhetoric

wrote “On Rhetoric, or Art of Eloquence,”

considered important works on rhetoric from Renaissance Period

reason and morality require speakers to have a high degree of accountability, making essential elelment in oration

Question 21

Renaissnce Speakers

Answer 21

1. known for eloquence and style
2. saw interest in study of delivery and style in public speaking

Question 22

Neoclassicism

Answer 22

revived classical approach to rhetoric adapting and applying it to contemporary situations

Question 23

Enlightenment Period

Answer 23

serves as a bridge between past and present

Question 24

George Campbell (1719-1796)

Answer 24

1. Scottish minister, educator
2. tried to create convincing arguments using scienific, moral reasoning by seeking understand how people used speech to persuade others

Question 25

Elocutionary Approach

Answer 25

conentrated on delivery and style by providing strict rules for a speakders bodily actions
(gestures, facial expressions, tone, pronunication)

Question 26

Political Rhetoric

Answer 26

underwent renewal in wake of U.S. & French revolutions

Question 27

Rhetorical Studies Ancient Greece, Rome

Answer 27

resurrection in studies of era as speakers and teachers looked to writing of Cierco others to inspire defense of new republic

Question 28

Leading Rhetorical Theorists

Answer 28

John Quincy Adams 6th president advocated for democratic advancement of art of rhetoric

Question 29

Enlightment Period

Answer 29

1. bridge between past, present
2. reviving classical approach o rhetoric and development rules for speaking style nd delivery
3. people questioned authorities beliefs
4. wanted to have say in how they were governed
5. led to increase in political speeches
6. speakers looked to writings Greek, Romans for inspiration

Question 30

1f. New School (1900 CE-Today)

Question 31

20th century

Answer 31

rhetoric deveoped as concentrated field of study with esablishment of rhetorical courses

Question 32

Public Speaking & Speech Analysis

Answer 32

1. trace rehotorical development throuhgout history
2. help students learn to apply fundamental Greek theories to their work