1 - Intro to Land Plants

Question 1

From what did land plants evolve?

Answer 1

Green algae

Charophytes are the closest relatives of land plants.

Question 2

What type of life cycle do mosses and other nonvascular plants have?

Answer 2

Gametophyte-dominated life cycles

Question 3

Which plants were the first to grow tall?

Answer 3

Ferns and other seedless vascular plants

Question 4

How long was Earth’s surface lifeless?

Answer 4

3 billion years

Question 5

When did cyanobacteria first exist?

Answer 5

~1.2 billion years ago

Question 6

What significant event occurred around 385 million years ago?

Answer 6

First tall plants → forests

Question 7

Where are the oldest tree fossils found?

Answer 7

Miguasha, Quebec

Question 8

What are the characteristics of Archaeopteris?

Answer 8

• Fern-like leaves
• Extensive roots
• Woody trunk
• Reproduced via spores
  *Reproduced via spores, not seeds.
  *Extinct in the Carboniferous period.

Question 9

How many species of modern plants exist?

Answer 9

~290,000 species

Question 10

What adaptation prevents zygotes from drying out?

Answer 10

Sporopollenin

Question 11

What are the three possible ‘Plant’ Kingdoms?

Answer 11

• Embryophytes
• Streptophyta
• Viridiplantae

Question 12

What is alternation of generations in plants?

Answer 12

Plants alternate between haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte stages

Question 13

What do gametangia produce?

Answer 13

Gametes

Question 14

What is the function of apical meristems?

Answer 14

Localized cell division at tips of roots/shoots

Question 15

What is a cuticle in plants?

Answer 15

Waxy layer on epidermis that protects against water loss

Question 16

What are mycorrhizae?

Answer 16

Symbiotic relationship between fungi and land plants

Question 17

What do vascular plants have that nonvascular plants do not?

Answer 17

Vascular tissue

Question 18

What are the two types of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 18

• Lycophytes
• Monilophytes

Question 19

What is the structure of a bryophyte sporophyte?

Answer 19

• Foot
• Seta
• Sporangium

Question 20

What type of spore variation do most ferns exhibit?

Answer 20

Homosporous

Question 21

What are the two types of spores in heterosporous plants?

Answer 21

• Megaspores
• Microspores

Question 22

What are the four parts of a complete flower?

Answer 22

• Sepals
• Petals
• Stamens
• Carpels

Question 23

What is the primary function of fruits in angiosperms?

Answer 23

Protect seeds and aid in dispersal

Question 24

What are the advantages of seeds?

Answer 24

• Remain dormant
• Have stored food
• Can be dispersed long distances

Question 25

What are gymnosperms known for?

Answer 25

Naked seeds typically on cones

Question 26

What is the largest phylum of gymnosperms?

Answer 26

Coniferophyta

Question 27

What adaptations do angiosperms have for reproduction?

Answer 27

* Flowers * Fruits

Question 28

What does pollination involve?

Answer 28

Pollen transfer to stigma

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The first tall plants appeared around _______ million years ago.

Answer 29

385

Question 30

True or False: Bryophytes have vascular tissue.

Answer 30

False