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Yr 2 Pharm + Therapeutics > 1: Intro to ANS > Flashcards

1: Intro to ANS Flashcards

1
Q

ANS effects on eye

A

S: dilation of pupil
PS: constriction of pupil, contraction of ciliary muscle

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2
Q

ANS effects on salivary glands

A

S: thick, viscous secretions
PS: copious, watery secretions

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3
Q

ANS effects on trachea/ bronchi

A

S: dilation by adrenaline
PS: constriction

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4
Q

ANS effects on heart

A

S: increased rate and contractility
PS: decrease rate and contractility

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5
Q

ANS effects on the GI system

A

S: reduced motility, causes sphincter contraction
PS: increased motility and tone and increases secretions

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6
Q

ANS effects on urinary sys and bladder

A

S: relaxes detrusor, constriction of trigone and sphincter
PS: contracts detrusor, relaxation of trigone and sphincter

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7
Q

ANS effects on skin

A

S: increased sweating (cholinergic) and piloerection

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8
Q

ANS effects on liver

A

S: gluconeogenesis, glycogeneolysis

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9
Q

ANS effects on adipose

A

S: lipolysis

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10
Q

ANS effects on kidney

A

S: increased renin secretion

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11
Q

ANS effects on blood vessels

A

S: dilatation at skeletal muscles, constriction at skin, mucuous membranes and splanchnic area

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12
Q

Which PS nerve drives gut secretions and motlity

A

vagus nerve

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13
Q

Which limb of ANS dominates at rest to control basal HR

A

PS

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14
Q

Structure of PS and its origin and NTs

A

Long pregang and short postgang fibres

Origin: craniosacral
NT: ACh for both pregang and postgang

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15
Q

Structure of S and its origin and NTs

A

Short pregang and long postgang

Origin: thoracolumbar regions
NT: ACh pregang and NA postgang

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16
Q

How does neural controlled secretions of adrenaline and NA from adrenal medulla work

A

Exception as has only 1 autonomic fibre innervating it and it acts as pregang, releasing ACh which binds receptors in adrenal medulla. It then releases A + NA into bloodstream

17
Q

All pregang fibres release…

A

ACh

18
Q

ENS: how it works

A

The sensory neuron is connected to mucosal chemoreceptors + stretch receptors. They detect chem substances in gut lume/tension in gut wall bc of food

  1. Info is relayed to submucosal and myenteric plexus via interneurons
  2. Motor neurons release ACh/substance P to contract SM/vasoactive intestinal peptide/NO to relax SM
19
Q

How is somatic NS diff

A

has only 1 motor neuron which releases ACh as NT and innervates skeletal muscle

20
Q

Which receptors does ACh bind to

A

Memb bound receptors: nicotinic + muscarinic

21
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors present

A

pregang

in all autonomic ganglia

22
Q

Nicotnic receptor properites (speed, stimulated by and type of receptor)

A

V fast, stimulated by ACh/nicotine, Type 1 ionotropic receptor

23
Q

How do nicotinic receptors work

A

ACh binds it, opens ion channel that allows Na/Ca influx = AP transmission

24
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors

A

postgang receptors in tissues innervated by PNS only

25
Q

Muscarinic receptor proerties (speed, stimulated by, and type of receptor)

A

V slow, stimulated by muscarine/ACh, type 2 G-protein coupled receptor.

26
Q

Subtype M1 receptor

A

neural control (forebrain - learning and memory)

27
Q

Subtype M2 receptor

A 
cardiac control (brain inhibitory autoreceptors)
inhibitory receptor
28
Q

Subtype M3 receptor

A

exocrine and SM control (hypothalamus - food intake)

29
Q

Where are adrenoreceptors found

A

at end of sympathetic NS at the effector organ innervated by postgang S fibers

30
Q

Adrenoreceptor properties (stimulated by, type of receptor)

A

Stimulated by NA and by circulating A produced by adrenal medulla,

Type 2 g-protein coupled receptor

31
Q

how many subtypes of adrenoreceptors

A

4

alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1
beta 2

32
Q

Via which receptors does SNS control vasculature

A

Alpha 1 constricts

Beta 2 dilates

33
Q

Biosynthesis of ACh

A

Acetyl Co A + Choline forms ACh + Co A, using choline acetyl transferase.

ACh is then packaged into vesicles and released when stimulated

34
Q

Metabolism of ACH

A

ACH is broken down in the synapse via acetylcholine esterase to forme acetate _ choline.

35
Q

NA Biosynthesis

A

Dopamine is formed from tyrosine using tyrosine hydroxylase + DOPA decarboxylase.

It is packaged into vesicles and converted to NA by dopamine beta hydroxylase.

NA is then released when AP comes along and triggers Ca influx.

36
Q

NA Metabolism

A

Uptake 1: back into neuronal tissue, broken down using monoamine oxidase A ( MAO-A)

Uptake 2: intro extraneuronal tissue, broken down using catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

Yr 2 Pharm + Therapeutics (9 decks)

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