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Junior - Pulm Mod 1 > 1 - Intro > Flashcards

1 - Intro Flashcards

1
Q

O2 content in arterial blood is dependent on?

A

PO2

Hg level

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2
Q

Tissue oxygenation depends on what?

A

Arterial blood O2
-PO2
-Hg level
Cardiac output

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3
Q

Factors that affect ventilation?

A

Airway resistance (narrow/wide)
Alveolar surface tension (water increases surfactant decreases)
Lung compliance

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4
Q

What can cause a shirt in hemoglobin carrying capacity of O2?

A

pH
PCO2
Temp

H pH L PCO2, Temp -> bind O2
L pH H PCO2, Temp -> release O2

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5
Q

What forms is CO2 carried in blood?

A

Bicarbonate (85%)
Carbaminophemoglobin
Dissolved CO2

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6
Q

What triggers breathing?

A

CO2 buildup, not low O2

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7
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

Largest volume of air that can be inspired after normal resting exhalation

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8
Q

Vital capacity

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve

Volume change between max inspiration and max expiration (80% TLC)

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9
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve + residual volume

Max inhalation (5-8L)

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10
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Volume of air present in lungs at end of resting exhalation

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11
Q

Tidal volume

A

Typical volume of respiration

500ml

70/30 broncholes/deadspace

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12
Q

Definition of tachypenia

A

Rapid respiratory rate

>20

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13
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Greater than amount required to maintain normal CO2 elimination

  • decreased arterial PCO2
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14
Q

Orthopenia definition

A

Shortness of breath while recumbent

  • cardiac disease MC cause

Occurs immediately upon lying down

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15
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dypsnea definition

A

waking from sleep w dypsnea

Doesnt occur immediately upon lying down

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16
Q

Platypnea definiton

A

Opposite of orthopnea

SOB while upright

17
Q

Trepopnea definition

A

SOB while lying on side

18
Q

DDX for dypsnea?

A 
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disase
Increased respiratory drive 
-Hyperthyroid
-pregnancy
Anxiety/psych
19
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing/spitting up blood from airway or lung

20
Q

DDX for hemoptysis

A

Airway disease (MC)
Parenchymal disease
Pulmonary vascular lesions

21
Q

What causes lung pain?

A

Lungs do not have sensory pain fibers so…

Pathology to parietal pleura, diaphragm or mediastinum

Diaphragmatic pain refers to shoulder
Pleural pain stays in chest wall

22
Q

What is the usual cause of diaphragmatic pain?

A

Usually results from inflammation or malignancy

23
Q

Rate, rhythm, depth/tidal volume and time spend?

A

Pattern of breathing

Rate 12-14 breaths/min
Rhythm: regular
Tidal volume: 5mL/kg
Inspiratory: expiratory time 2:3

24
Q

Sigh?

A

Prevents alveolar collapse and occurs approx every 90 breaths

25
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

Rapid, large-volume

Metabolic acidosis

26
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

Rhythmic waxing/waning of tidal volume w regular apnec episodes

Left ventricula failure; high altitude; neurologic dz

27
Q

Rapid shallow breathing

A

Restrictive lung disease, respiratory failure

28
Q

Accessory muscle use at rest

A

Significant impairment

29
Q

Expansion of chest w collapse of abdomen

A

Diaphragm weakness

30
Q

Asymmetric chest expansion

A

Atelectasis; effusion; fibrosis; splinting; unilateral airway obst

31
Q

Adventitious breath sounds?

A

Abnormal breath sounds

32
Q

Continuous sounds

A

Wheezes - High pitched, muscle whistling

Rhonchi - Lower pitched, sonorous, gurgling quality

33
Q

Discontinuous sounds

A

Crackles: brief, discrete, nonmusical, popping

  • fine: explosive opening of airways
  • coarse: gas bubbling through fluid
34
Q

Digital clubbing means

A

Chronic lung infections
Lung/pleura malignancies
Chronic interstitial lung disease
AV malformations & non-pulm conditions

35
Q

Is cyanosis a reliable indicator of hypoxemia?

A

No

36
Q

Extrapulmonary signs of pulmonary disease

A

Digital clubbing
Cyanosis
Peripheral edema

37
Q

Grades for peripheral edema?

A 
Grade 0+ : no pitting
Grade 1+ : mild pitting 2mm 
Grade 2+ : moderate pitting 4mm
Grade 3+ : moderate/severe 6mm
Grade 4+ : severe pitting 8mm

Junior - Pulm Mod 1 (4 decks)

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