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ICND 1 > 1. Internetworking > Flashcards

1. Internetworking Flashcards

1
Q

What does an Internetwork consist of?

A
  • Two or more devices
  • Connected via a router
  • Logical network addressing scheme (IPV4/6)
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2
Q

What can a hub more accurately be defined as?

A

A multi-port repeater.

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3
Q

How does a multi-port repeater work?

A
  1. Recieves a digital signal.
  2. Amplifies/regenerates the digital signal.
  3. Broadcasts out of all other ports.
  4. Does not inspect the signal.
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4
Q

Why is network segmentation employed?

A

Network Segmentation reduces congestion within the network.

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5
Q

What do Cisco refer to as microsegmentation?

A

Microsegmentation is when every host is in a switch port.

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6
Q

How does a switch forward a broadcast?

A

Switches put out broadcast messages on every port by default.

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7
Q

What is a broadcast domain?

A

A broadcast domain is a subnet/VLAN in which if a host sends a broadcast message, all other hosts on the same subnet/VLAN will receive it.

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8
Q

How does a router forward a broadcast?

A

A router does not forward broadcasts by default.

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9
Q

What is a collision domain?

A

A collision domain is a network segment connected by a shared medium or through repeaters where data packets may collide with one another while being sent.

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10
Q

How are the number of collision domains in a network increased?

A

Collision domains are increase through the segmentation of a network using switches.

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11
Q

How are the number of broadcast domains increased within an internetwork?

A

Through the introduction of a router and additional subnets/VLANs.

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12
Q

What is the connection of two or more LANs reffered to as?

A

An internetwork.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of a Wireless Access Point?

A

A Wireless Access Point allows for computers to gain wireless access to wired networks

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14
Q

What is the physical function of a wireless access point?

A

A Wireless Access Point acts as a modulator/demodulator, receiving digital data and transmitting analogue data (and vice versa).

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15
Q

What does Duplex mean?

A
  • The term ‘duplex’ signifies the ability for two points or devices to communicate with each other.
  • In a duplex communication system, both points (devices) can transmit and receive information.
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16
Q

What is the difference between Full-Duplex and Half-Duplex?

A
  • Full-duplex communication between two components means that both can transmit and receive information between each other simultaneously.
  • In half-duplex systems, the transmission and reception of information must happen alternately. While one point is transmitting, the other must only receive.
17
Q

How do Wireless Access Points operate?

A
  • Wireless Access Points run at Half-Duplex.
  • Using Time Division Duplexing (TDD) and splitting the time divisions very finely, Full-Duplex is emulated.
  • This stops self-interference.
18
Q

What are VOIP Phones?

A

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) Phones.

19
Q

What will be increased if a Wireless Access Point is connected to a switch?

A

This will expand the collision domain.

20
Q

What is a Flat network?

A

A flat network is a large switched network which has a single large broadcast domain.

21
Q

What is the Cisco Hierarchical Model?

A
22
Q

What is a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) used for?

A

A VLAN is used to segment a layer 2 switched network into multiple different broadcast domains.

23
Q

What is necessary for inter-VLAN routing (IVR)?

A

A layer 3 switch or router is required for inter-VLAN routing.

24
Q

What are the layers of the OSI 7 layer model and which protocols and services correspond to these layers?

A
25
Q

What does each layer of the OSI model do?

A
26
Q

What was the OSI model created for?

A

The OSI model was created in order to enable different networks to communicate reliably accross disparate systems.

27
Q

What do the top 3 layers of the OSI model define?

A
  • The top three layers of the OSI model define how the applications within the end stations communicate with each other and the users.
  • These layers do not contain information about networking / network addresses.
28
Q

What do the bottom 4 layers of the OSI model define?

A

The bottom 4 layers of the OSI model define:

  • How data is transmitted end to end.
  • How it is transferred through physical mediums.
  • How to rebuild a data stream from a transmitting host to a destination hosts’ application.
29
Q

At which layer do users interact with the computer?

A

The application layer.

30
Q

What is the purpose of the presentation layer?

A
  • To present data to the user.
  • To handle processing such as encryption.
31
Q

What is the purpose of the session layer?

A

To keep different applications’ data separate.

32
Q

What does the transport layer provide?

A

The transport layer provides:

  • Reliable / Unreliable delivery.
  • Error correction before retransmit.
  • The segmentation and reassmbly of data in a data stream.
  • The reception of all data from higher layers and the combination of it into a single concise data stream.
  • The establishment of a logical connection between the sending host and the destination host on the network.
33
Q

What does the network layer provide?

A

The network layer provides logical addressing which routers use for path determination.

34
Q

What does the data link layer provide?

A
  • The combination of packets into bytes. The subsequent comination of bytes into frames.
  • Access to media using MAC address.
  • Error detection (as opposed to correction).
35
Q

What does the physical layer provide?

A
  • The movement of bits between devices.
  • The specification of voltage, wire speed and pin-out of cables.
36
Q

What is TCP?

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection oriented protocol.

37
Q

What is UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless layer protocol.

38
Q

What steps are required for relaible communication?

A
  1. A connection oriented 3-way handshake with a peer device (also known as a call setup)
  2. Transfer of data
  3. Termination of connection (which ends the virtual circuit).
39
Q
A

ICND 1 (1 decks)

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