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Operative Dentistry > 1. Instrumentation > Flashcards

1. Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

Instrumentation

Two categories:

  • Rotary powered cutting instruments
  • – ____
  • ____ instruments
A

handpieces

hand

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2
Q

Rotary Instruments
Handpieces

____
Cavity refinement
____

A

tooth structure/caries removal

grinding and polishing

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3
Q 
Rotary Instruments
Handpieces
- Speeds:
-- HS: \_\_\_\_
-- LS: \_\_\_\_
A

100,000 rpm+

10,000-40,000 rpm

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4
Q

HS Handpiece

Initial caries removal/initial tooth preparation
Rotational speed 100,000 rpm and above = \_\_\_\_
-- \_\_\_\_ coolant needed
-- water coolant causes 
-- atmospheric
\_\_\_\_ and vapors
-- Protective eye glasses and face masks
should be worn
A

frictional heat
water
aerosols

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5
Q

Slow/Low Speed Handpieces

- Uses:
Refining \_\_\_\_ 
Caries excavation
Placing retention in \_\_\_\_
Polishing restorations Polishing \_\_\_\_
Laboratory procedures
A

preparations
dentin
teeth

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6
Q

Electric Handpieces

  • Not air driven
    • ____ movements
    • ____ motors/gears
A

smoother

electric

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7
Q

Electric Handpieces

  • Control panel
    • High speed friction grip = ____
  • ____; ____ rpm
    • Motor remains the same for all attachments
    • 1:5 specifies the ____ (1 = 40,000, then multiplied by 5)
A

red dot
1:5
200,000
motor rotations

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8
Q

Electric Handpieces

  • Control panel
    • Slow/Low Speed Friction Grip = ____
    • ____; ____ rpm
      • In order to refine you then use the slow speed of the red dot
      • Takes more pressure in order to cut effectively
      • Using a paintbrush motion
A

red
1:5
20,000

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9
Q

Electric Handpieces

  • Control panel
    • Slow/Low Speed Latch Grip = ____
    • ____; ____ rpm
A

blue dot
1:1
40,000

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10
Q

Electric Handpieces

  • Control panel
    • Slow/Low Speed = ____
    • ____; ____ rpm
A

straight nose cone
1:1
40,000

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11
Q

Electric Handpieces

  • Control panel
    • Slow/Low Speed= ____
    • ____ removed and prophy polishing angle put there
    • ____; ____ rpm
A

straight nose cone
top
1:1
5,000

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12
Q

Anatomy of a Bur

  • ____
  • Neck
  • ____
A

Head

shank

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13
Q

Bur Classification

  • By shape of the ____ of the bur
  • By ____ of the bur or ____ of the bur
	• Should know the numbers of the burs
	• Classified by shape of head, and the material of the bur
		○ \_\_\_\_
		○ Polishing carbide
		○ \_\_\_\_
		○ Rubber point
		○ \_\_\_\_
A

head
material
use

carbide
diamond
stone

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14
Q

Bur Classification

  • By ____ of the shank
    • ____ grip
    • latch grip
    • ____
	• Friction grip
		○ \_\_\_\_
	• Latch grip
		○ \_\_\_\_
	• Straight nosecone
A

shape
friction
straight nosecone

cylinder
key

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15
Q

Bur Classification

  • By ____ shape
    • Pear
    • ____
    • inverted cone
    • ____
    • tapered fissure
	• Pear
		○ Simodont
		○ \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_
	• Plain fissure
	• Tapered fissure
		○ Makes walls that flare to the outside
			§ \_\_\_\_ walls
		○ Most preps should flare internally, at least initially
			§ Convergent walls
A

bur head
round
plain fissure

330
245
divergent

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16
Q

Pear-shaped Burs

  • narrows at ____
  • cuts well on ____ and sides
  • ____ walls with rounded internal line angles for amalgam preparations
  • ____, ____ commonly used
A 
neck
ends
convergent
330
245
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17
Q

Round burs

  • ____ excavation, deep caries removal, and retention
  • large sizes (4, 6, or 8) used in ____ speed for deeper caries removal
  • ____
    • Larger the number (for this bur), the bigger the ____
    • Used inside the prep to clean out larger caries, and smaller ones for ____
A

caries
slow
1/4-8

circumference
retention pits

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18
Q

Inverted cone burs

  • sides ____, narrows toward ____
  • used for ____, extension and retention
  • ____• This makes a very sharp corner, none of our materials like ____, therefore it’s not used often
A

tapered
neck
refinement
33.5-35

sharp corners

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19
Q

Straight fissure burs

  • ____ sides
  • ____ tooth removal
  • does not cut well on ____
  • Used to ____ and create box form
  • Non-crosscut (smooth): ____
  • Crosscut (notched blades): ____• Used to cut a long area interproximally
    • Both are ____mm long
    • Used on a slow speed to refine cuts on interproximal cavity preps
    • Smooth
    ○ Blades are long
    ○ Smaller numbers are smaller in shape (like round)
    • Notched
    ○ Long blades, but also serrations within the blades
    ○ Used on crowns made of porcelain with white gold underneath…
A 
parallel
bulk
end
smoot
55-61
555-561

3

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20
Q

End-cutting burs

  • only cuts on the ____, smooth sides
  • for deepening cavity preparations, smoothing ____ and ____ walls
  • use when ____ cutting is not desired
  • ____• Smaller number means smaller ____, proportional
A 
bottom
pulpal
gingival
side
956-960

diameter

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21
Q

Tapered fissure burs

  • tapering shape that ____ at the neck
  • used to create ____ walls
  • non-crosscut: ____
  • crosscut: ____
    • Used for ____ restorations
    • Flares the walls
    • Pears also for divergent walls
    • Proportional: number and ____
A 
widens
divergent
168-173
699-703
indirect
diameter
22
Q

Finishing/Polishing Burs

  • Carbide:
    • metal blades that are ____ together than operative carbide burs, therefore less ____ in cutting
    • for polishing, smoothening and finishing• Blades are placed more closely together
      ○ Different between cutting and polishing bur
      ○ And within polishing burs the blades also get closer together
      • Will have colors in fineness
      ○ Darker color = ____ cutting bur
      § Polishes but leaves scratches, and ____ buffs it up nicely
      ○ Work from coarse to fine
A

closer
effective
coarser
white

23
Q

Finishing/Polishing burs

  • Diamond
    • ____ grits
    • for caries removal, placing ____, smoothening and finishing
      • R > B > G > Y
      • Ours is ____, Y, ____
A

diamond
bevels

red
white

24
Q

Finishing/Polishing burs

  • Stone:
    • stone grits
    • for placing ____, smoothing and finishing• No ____ for stone burs
A

bevels

numbers

25
Q

Instrument Grasps and Finger Rests

• \_\_\_\_ HP with thumb, fore finger and middle finger
	○ Adjacent teeth and outside of face
	○ Rest of hand on patient's face
• Ring and pinky finger go somewhere else
26
Q

Anatomy of a hand instrument

  • Handle
    • Large central portion to hold, stabilize, and control the instrument
    • contains:
  • ____ numbers
  • ____ name
A

instrument identification

manufacturer’s

27
Q

Hand Instrument Components

  • Blade
  • ____ of hand-cutting instrument
  • cutting edge
    • used for ____ enamel and dentin
A

working end

smoothing

28
Q

Hand instrument components

  • Nib
  • working end a ____ instrument
    • placement of ____ materials
    • finishing of ____
A

non-cutting
restorative
restoration

29
Q

Hand instrument components

  • Shank
    • connects ____ with blade or nib
    • it may or may not be ____
A

handle

angled

30
Q

Hand instrument composition

  • Carbon steel/stainless steel
    • most blades = ____
    • most nibs = ____
    • shanks and handles = ____
    • ____ plated to prevent tarnish and corrosion
A

carbon steel
stainless steel
stainless steel
chrome

31
Q

Instrument Formula
Three number formula

1st: ____ of blade
- - ____ of a mm

2nd: ____ of blade
- - ____

3rd: ____ of blade in relation to long axis of handle

	• 3 numbers
		○ Width of blade (first)
			§ Smoothing floor
			§ 1 mm wide (10 .1mm's)
		○ Length of blade (second)
			§ Mm (6mm)
			§ Bottom of blade to wear it meets the \_\_\_\_
		○ Angulation of blade to handle
			§ 14 degrees
A 
width
tenth
length
mm
angulation

shank

32
Q

Instrument formula
Four number formula

1st: ____ of the blade
- - ____ of mm

2nd: angulation of ____ to long axis of handle

3rd: ____ of the blade
- - ____

4th: ____ of blade in relation to long axis of the handle

A 
width
tenths
primary cutting edge
length
mm
angle
33
Q

Instrument Classifications
• ____ = 3 number
• ____ = 4 number

A

flat

angle

34
Q

Hatchet

  • scrapes preparation walls (____ walls and removes ____ enamel)
  • also used as a ____ of the preparation for self evaluation

small hatchet, 1mm: ____
large hatchet, 1.5 mm: ____

A

smoothes
unsupported
measurement

10-7-14
15-8-14

35
Q

Mouth mirror

  • used for almost all procedures
  • to aid access and ____
  • to retract ____ (tongue, ceeks, lips)
A

visualization

soft tissue

36
Q

Periodontal probe

- measures ____, width, ____ of cavity preparation

A

depth

length

37
Q

Explorer

  • used to check for:
    • ____ in cavity preparation
    • extension of proximal clearance in a ____ preparation
    • completes ____ removal
    • ____ placement
    • smooth finish of final restoration
A

smoothness
class II
caries
retention

38
Q

Gingival margin trimmers

  • smoothes and bevels ____ margins
  • ____ number instrument
  • use on mesial and distal surfaces depending on:
    • when the second number is greater than ____, used on ____ surface
    • when ____ or less, used on ____ surface
#28, distal: \_\_\_\_
#29, mesial: \_\_\_\_
A 
cavosurface
4
90
distal
85
mesial

10-95-7-12
10-80-7-14

39
Q

Excavators

  • for removal of carious material from cavity
  • ____ shaped with sharpened edges
  • used with ____ scooping motions
A

spoon

lateral

40
Q

Condensers

  • push or pack restorative materials into cavity preps
  • ____ depends on the material being used
  • ____ depends on area material to be condensed
  • end (nib) may be ____ or ____
	• Placing material and to self-assess width of prep
	• Shape depends on the material
	• Has nibs (no blades)
		○ Excavator has a blade, but is \_\_\_\_
	• 1P
		○ Self-assessment in red roll next to hatchets
	• 1/2
		○ Also in red roll
		○ A little wider
A 
size
shape
serrated
smooth
circular
41
Q

College Pliers

  • transfers ____ to and from the mouth
  • variety of other uses
42
Q

Principles of cavity preparation

  1. ____ form
  2. resistance form
  3. ____ form
  4. convenience form
  5. remove any remaining carious ____
  6. finish the enamel wall - remove unsupported enamel
  7. ____ the cavity prep
A

outline
retention
dentin
cleanse

43
Q
  1. outline form
    determined:
    - ____ and ____ of the carious lesion, defect, or faulty restoration
    - dental ____
    - finish margins in self ____ or easily cleansable areas
    - margins should end in sound ____
    - kind of restorative ____ being used
A 
location
size
morphology
cleansing
enamel
material
44
Q
  1. resistance form
    determined by:
    - ____ form
  • wall angulations
    • prepare the internal walls ____ to the enamel rods/prisms
  • cavity preparation depth
    • to provide bulk strength restorative matieral
A

box

parallel

45
Q

Resistance form

  • internal line angles
    • should be slightly ____ to minimize stress concentration
  • restorative material
    • different materials have different needs to be met
46
Q 
3. retention form
determined by:
- \_\_\_\_ friction
- convergent walls
- \_\_\_\_ points and grooves
- auxiliary retention
-- \_\_\_\_
-- parallel grooves
-- \_\_\_\_
-- bonding
A

wall
undercut
dovetails
pins

47
Q
  1. convenience form

gain sufficient access to the lesion to facilitate ____ and instrumentation in the preparation and restoration process

A

visibility

48
Q
  1. remove any remaining carious dentin
  • for mild, moderate, and large caries: start with ideal ____ form first
  • then, remove remaining caries
49
Q
  1. remove any remaining carious dentin
    - for gross caries:
    - - only time the ideal ____ form cannot be obtained first
    - - most of the structure is destroyed by this point
    - - remove ____ first, evaluate what is left, and refine the preparation
A

outline

caries

50
Q
  1. remove any remaining carious dentin
  • re-evaluate the preparation often to detect sound tooth structure:
    • ____ feedback
    • auditory feedback
    • ____
    • caries detecting dye is completely removed
A

tactile

texture

51
Q
  1. finish enamel walls

- remove all ____ enamel

A

unsupported

52
Q
  1. cleanse the prepared cavity
    - clean and dry for inspection
    - once clean, it is ready to receive the restoration
    - sometimes ____ are applied after cleansing, priot to the ____ step
    - - not proven to be ____
A

medicaments
restorative
significant

Operative Dentistry (10 decks)

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