1. Indigenous America

Question 1

How did people cross from Asia to North America

Answer 1

A land bridge across the Bering Strait.

Question 2

When did agriculture first start?

Answer 2

Between nine thousand and five thousand years ago.

Question 3

What crop was VERY important to Mesoamerica?

Answer 3

Maize (corn)

Question 4

What were the Three Sisters?

Answer 4

Three crops that sustained native cities and civilizations:
1)corn
2)beans
3)squash

Question 5

Two thousand years ago, three large culture groups dominated North America. Who were they?

Answer 5

Puebloan groups - Southwest
Mississipian groups - along Mississippi river and its tributaries
Mesoamerican groups - Central Mexico and Yucatan peninsula

Question 6

This giant Mississippian settlement was the largest settlement of humans in one place north of modern Mexico until the American Revolution

Answer 6

Cahokia

Question 7

How was Native American slavery different than slavery in the United States

Answer 7

Slavery was not usually permanent. Slaves were not property, they were people without kin.

Question 8

Who were the Lenapes?

Answer 8

Native American societies who occupied the eastern woodlands of North America.

Question 9

Lenape communities organized societies in a manner opposite to European male primogeniture. How was this done?

Answer 9

They were organized by matrilineal lines.

Question 10

What was a Lenape leader called?

Answer 10

Sachem

Question 11

What are some of the reasons the Lenape thrived in Northeast North America?

Answer 11

The three-sisters (successful farming)
Kin-based organization
Dispersed authority
Avoiding large scale warfare

Question 12

In the Pacific Northwest of North America, populations grew quickly. What was the biggest reason?

Answer 12

Food surplus

Question 13

What was the name of the elaborate feasts Pacific Northwest tribes used to build social bonds and display social status?

Answer 13

Potlatch

Question 14

Pacific Northwest built what type of houses?

Answer 14

plank houses

Question 15

In 1000, Leif Erikson reached what part of present-day Canada?

Answer 15

Newfoundland

Question 16

Who funded Columbus’ expedition west with the hope of finding a shorter route to Asia?

Answer 16

Ferdinand and Isabella, the rulers of a recently reunited Spain.

Question 17

This type of ship could make long voyages across oceans and carry large amounts of cargo while it did so

Answer 17

caravel

Question 18

Portugal started using slave labor to farm what crop?

Answer 18

sugar

Question 19

In 1492, where did Columbus land the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria

Answer 19

the Bahamas

Question 20

When Columbus landed in the Carribean Islands, what people did he find?

Answer 20

The Arawaks, or Taino

Question 21

When he found little gold, Columbus’ return trip to the Caribbean resulted in the Spanish taking what resource?

Answer 21

Humans. The Arawaks were murdered and tortured for fun. The survivors where taken for forced labor on encomiendas.

Question 22

When a man received an encomienda from the Spanish crown, what did they get?

Answer 22

Land and natives.

Question 23

What replaced the encomienda?

Answer 23

The repartiemiento. It wasn’t really any better.

Question 24

When the Spaniards arrived in modern-day Mexico, what civilization did the find?

Answer 24

The Aztecs

Question 25

This city was built on a series of natural and man made islands in the middle of Lake Texcoco, located within modern day Mexico City.

Answer 25

Tenochtitlán

Question 26

Aztec crops were grown on these large artificial islands

Answer 26

chinampas

Question 27

This Spanish conquistador captured Montezuma, the emperor of the Aztecs

Answer 27

Hernán Cortés

Question 28

The Aztecs revolted against Cortés, but the Spanish eventually conquered the Aztecs after an 85 day siege of Tenochtitlán. What was the conquistador's biggest ally in destroying the Aztec Empire.

Answer 28

Smallpox

Question 29

This conquistador deceived Incan rulers and took control of Cuzco.

Answer 29

Francisco Pizarro

Question 30

In the New World, the Spanish Sistema de Castas organized individuals into various racial groups based on this

Answer 30

Their "purity of blood"

Question 31

What was the ranking system of the Sistema de Castas

Answer 31

Peninsulares - born in Europe Criollos - born in the New World from European parents Mestizos - born of Spanish and native parents

Question 32

Who was the Virgen de Guadalupe?

Answer 32

A dark skinned Virgin Mary who visited an indigenous man, speaking a native language. She became an icon for native society.

Question 33

This is the the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the present-day United States.

Answer 33

St. Augustine

Question 34

This Spanish explorer conquered Puerto Rico and then landed in Florida in 1513, in search of wealth and potential slaves

Answer 34

Juan Ponce de León

Question 35

North America was not as exciting to the Spanish as Central and South America for these three main reasons?

Answer 35

No easily found gold and silver mines Not as many large empires to enslave Not a tropical climate favorable to plantation farming

Question 36

These two Spanish explorers raped and pillaged their way across the North American Southwest.

Answer 36

Hernando de Soto Francisco Coronado

Question 37

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 37

Cross-hemispheric exchange of culture, trade, people, violence, and disease

Question 38

What common foods are the product of the Columbian exchange?

Answer 38

Potatoes Tomatoes Chocolate Peppers Oranges

Question 39

What did Europeans bring to the New World aside from disease?

Answer 39

Domesticated animals

Question 40

After conquering the Aztecs and Inca, Spain established a new empire. What did they send back to Spain in galleons?

Answer 40

Gold and silver