1.) IMMUNE RESPONSES Flashcards
Explain the process of the Innate Immune System?
- Infection
- Innate Immunity
- Recovery
Explain the process of the Adaptive Immune System?
- Infection
- Adaptive Immunity
- Specific Immunological Memory
- Recovery
- Reinfection
What is the key difference between the Innate Immune System and the Adaptive Immune System?
-Innate Immune System is not improved by reinfection, whereas the Adaptive Immune system is
What are the Soluble Factors for the Innate System and the Adaptive Immune System?
- Innate Immune System - (lysozyme, complement, acute phase).
- Adaptive Immune System - (Antibodies)
What are the Cells for the Innate System and the Adaptive Immune System?
- Adaptive Immune System - (T&B Lymphocytes)
- Innate Immune System - (NK Cells and Phagocytes).
Explain NK Cells?
- Large granular lymphocyte like cells.
- Important functions in innate immunity.
- Lack antigen specific receptors.
- Detects and attacks certain virus infected cells.
- Cells that lose MHC
Explain the mechanism of NK cells and Viruses
All cells have MHC, it is seen as the safe molecule. Virus often down-regulate MHC and NK cells look for the absence of MHC. “Missing Hypothesis” is a sign of Viral Infection. This triggers the NK Cells to kill these cells.
Explain the Neutrophil?
-Contain small dark areas on the edge of the vacuole are lysosomes.
-They discharge their contents into the vacuole to destroy the fungal
cell.
-The process is complete then it dies.
What is the complement system?
-Heat liable complement of normal plasma tat augments the opsonisation of bacteria by antibodies. It allows antibodies to kill bacteria.
What is the complement system made up of?
-A large number of distinct plasma that form a cascade of reactions causing another complement activation.
Some complement proteins bind covalently to bacteria, what does it lead to?
-Opsonising them for engulfment by phagocytes bearing complement receptors.
In the complement system, small fragments act as chemo attractants, what does this lead to?
-Recruit phagocytes to the site of the complement activation and to activate them.
In the complement system, what does the terminal complement system components do with regards to damage?
It creates damage to certain bacteria by creating pores in the bacterial membrane.
What is the Postulates of the Clonal Selection Theory?
- Each lymphocyte bears a single type o receptor with a unique specificity.
- Interaction w/ foreign molecule and a lymphocyte receptor capable of binding molecule w/ a high affinity leads to lymphocyte activation.
- Differentiated effector cells derived from activated lymphocyte will bear receptors of identical specificity to those of the parental cell from which that lymphocyte was derived.
- Lymphocyte bearing receptors specific for ubiquitous self molecules are deleted at an early stage in lymphoid cell development and are absent from the repertoire of mature lymphocytes
With regards to the B-Cells and T-Cells how are they different in their surface immunoglobulins?
B-Cells - (Surface Immunoglobulins, 2 identical recognition sites).
T-Cells - (One Antigen Recognition Site).
