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PDHPE > 1. How Are Sports Injuries Classified And Managed? > Flashcards

1. How Are Sports Injuries Classified And Managed? Flashcards

1
Q

Identify specific examples of injuries that reflect each of the classifications of sport injuries.
1) direct injury -explain and example

A
  • is the result of an external force applied to the body
  • can result in bruises. Fractures or ligament or tendon damage
  • e.g. Collision with another person, being hit by an object like a cricket bat
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2
Q

Identify specific examples of injuries that reflect each of the classifications of sport injuries.
2) Indirect - explain and example

A
  • result of internal forces within the body. This can be a result of poor technique, lack of fitness, inadequate warm up, excessive movement or poor equipment.
  • e.g. Pulling hamstring during a game, back injury coz of poor technique
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3
Q

Identify specific examples of injuries that reflect each of the classifications of sport injuries.
3) Soft tissue - explain and example

A
  • related to body tissue and generally result in internal bleeding. Injury may be acute (occur suddenly or chronic or prolonged)
  • e.g. Getting hit by a bat causing bruise
  • skin, muscle, tendon, ligament injuries
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4
Q

Identify specific examples of injuries that reflect each of the classifications of sport injuries.
4) hard tissue - explain and example

A
  • relates to any damage to bones or teeth

- e.g. Fractures/ breaks to bone or dislodged teeth

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5
Q

Identify specific examples of injuries that reflect each of the classifications of sport injuries.
5) overuse - explain and example

A
  • occurs as a direct result of a repeated force on body parts. Repetitive forces continually impacting on a body part.
  • poor technique–> additional stress on site
  • poor equipment –> shoes poor support, too heavy
  • repetitive low impact exercise
  • e.g. Shin splints, tennis elbow, stress fractures
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6
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Join bone to bone

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7
Q

What are tendons?

A

Join muscle to bone

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8
Q

What are secondary injuries?

A

Secondary injuries are those that occur as a result of a previous injury being poorly treated or not being fully healed.

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9
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- tear

A
  • a disruption of the fibres of a muscle or tendon. Occur when a muscle or tendon is over-stretched or when a muscle contracts too quickly. Severity can range from microscopic level (strain) to complete rupture of all muscle fibres.
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10
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- Sprain

A
  • a tear of ligament fibres, muscles or tendons supporting a joint. Can happen when a joint is extended beyond its normal range of movement. Can involve small number of fibres through to a complete rupture.
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11
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- Contusion

A
  • it is the bleeding into the soft tissue. A bruise can occur to any soft tissue of the body.
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12
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- Skin abrasions

A

When the surface layer of the skin is broken. They usually cause pain and shallow bleeding as a result of skin scraping.

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13
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- lacerations

A
  • damage to skin and the underlining tissue (clean cut).
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14
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- blisters

A
  • where the outer layer of skin separates due to friction, which causes a pocket of fluid or blood to form. E.g from lifting heavy weights
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15
Q

Soft tissue injury:

- Calluses

A

Result from a build up of dead skin caused by friction or pressure.

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16
Q

What is inflammatory response?

A

Are phases that produce inflammation, which consists of redness, heat, swelling, pain and loss of function. If left unchecked and persists for a long time, formation of scar tissue will be more severe.

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17
Q

The 3 phases of the inflammatory response INCOMPLETE

A

INCOMPLETE

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18
Q

The ‘NO HARM’ policy should be applied in the first 72hrs immediately following an injury. Identify what it stands for.

A 
NO HEAT
NO ALCOHOL
NO RUNNING
NO MASSAGE
all of the above increases bleeding and swelling which does not help recovery time.
19
Q

Manage soft tissue injuries

RICER- Rest

A

Rest- minimal movement (position of rest depends on type of injury)
Ice- ice in wye towel and apply ice directly over the injury and surrounding tissue
- to reduce bleeding into the injury and prevent further injury
- remain inactive for the first 48-72hrs
- duration depends on severity

20
Q

Manage soft tissue injuries

RICER- Ice

A
  • ice in wet towel and apply ice directly over the injury and surrounding tissue.
  • causes the blood vessels to constrict, thus decreasing circulation and resulting in less inflammation at the site.
  • reduces blood flow, swelling, spasm and heat.
  • 7-10mins on mind off for 48hrs
21
Q

Manage soft tissue injuries

RICER- Compression

A
  • apply firm, elastic, non-adhesive bandage over the injured area covering both above and below the injured site.
  • if using ice pack, apply compression bandage around.
  • ensure not to cut circulation.
  • decrease swelling and bleeding
22
Q

Manage soft tissue injuries

RICER- Elevation

A
  • raise injured area above the level of the heart however possible, but placing under pillow, chair etc.
  • reduces swelling, bleeding, throbbing
23
Q

Manage soft tissue injuries

RICER- Referral

A
  • medical assessment should be done as soon as possible to determine the full extent of the injury to commence appropriate rehabilitation.
  • to understand nature and extent of injury
24
Q

What is the aim for immediate treatment of skin injuries?

A

Prevention of infection for both victim and the first wider, minimisation of blood loss, tissue damage, and promotion of healing in order to reduce recovery time.

25
Q

When should skin injuries be medically referred?

A

Any wounds that require suturing, signs of infection or can’t
be cleaned of foreign material and wounds to the head (concussion) should be medically referred.

26
Q

Steps for immediate treatment of skin injuries. (7)

A

1) reduce the dangers of infection (gloves)
2) control bleeding with rest, pressure and elevation
3) assess the severity if the wound
4) clean the wound using clean water, saline solution or a diluted antiseptic.
5) apply an antiseptic to the wound (eg Betadine) after ensuring that the person is not allergic to the antiseptic being used.
6) dress the wound with a sterile pad and bandage.
7) if necessary, refer the person to medical attention.

27
Q

Hard tissue injuries:

- fractures

A
  • a fracture is a break in the bone. It can easily from a direct/indirect force or repetitive impacts that can cause stress fractures.
28
Q

Name the 5 different types of fractures that an individual can experience.

A

1) complete fracture
2) incomplete fracture
3) simple (closed) fracture
4) complex/compound/open fracture
5) complicated fracture

29
Q

What is a complete fracture?

A

The bone snaps into two or more parts

30
Q

What is an incomplete fracture?

A

The bone is cracked but not completely broken into two separate pieces

31
Q

Describe a simple (closed) fracture

A
  • the bone is cleanly broken without breaking the skin. Bleeding remains concealed beneath the skin. Simple can be hard to detect.
32
Q

Describe a complex/compound/open fracture

A

The bone breaks through the skin causing an open wound. Visible external bleeding occurs. Infection may enter the body and the bone through the cut. Infection will significantly delay healing and should be prevented.

33
Q

What is a complicated fracture?

A

Where the broken skin damages a major nerve, organ or blood vessel.

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of a fracture

A
  • pain at site of injury
  • inability to move the injured part
  • deformity of the injured part
  • swelling and discolouration
  • grating of bones
  • visible bone
35
Q

How to manage a fracture?

A

1) follow DRSABCD procedure
2) control any bleeding
3) identify the type of fracture
4) immobilise the fracture with broad bandages
5) ensure bandages do not cut off circulation
6) handle gently
7) call for medical help.

36
Q

Hard tissue injuries:

- dislocation

A
  • dislocations are injuries to joints where one bone is displaced from another. A dislocation can cause considerable damage to the surrounding connective tissue. Dislocations occur as a result of the joint being pushed past tie normal range movement.
  • finger, patella, shoulder
37
Q

Signs and symptoms of a dislocation

A

Loss of movement at the joint
Obvious deformity
Swelling and tenderness
Pain at the injured site

38
Q

How to manage a dislocation

A

Follow DRSABCD
do not attempt to put it back in place
Medical help

39
Q

Manage hard tissue injuries

- immobilisation

A
  • aim to minimise movement of the injured area by restricting movement if joints above and below the area by using splints and bandages.
  • not too tight
40
Q

Hard tissue injuries:

Assessment for medical attention INCOMPLETE

A

INCOMPLETE

41
Q

Assessment of injuries

TOTAPS- Talk

A

Ask effective questions to gain the nature of the injury and to understand what how it happened and the severity.

  • has this happened before?
  • did you hear anything?
  • where does it hurt?
  • did you continue to play?
  • do you have any pins and needles?

This questions help for possible concussions

42
Q

Assessment of injuries

TOTAPS- observe

A
  • visually examine the site of injury –> deformity, discolouration! cuts, swelling, abnormality.
  • if injury to a limb, compare it to corresponding limb.
  • go onto next stage if there is no deformity
43
Q

Ways to classify sports injuries. (3)

A
  • Direct and indirect
  • Soft and hard tissue
  • Overuse

PDHPE (1 decks)

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