1- History of Osteopathic Medicine I and II

Question 1

When was AT Still born?

Answer 1

August 6th, 1828

Question 2

At 10 years old, what did AT Still self treat?

Answer 2

His Headache

Question 3

How was AT still first exposed to medicine and on who was this medicine practiced on?

Answer 3

via Apprenticeship on Shawnee Indians

Question 4

What happened in 1861?

Answer 4

AT STill enlisted into the army on the Union side due to his Methodist and antislavery beliefs)

Question 5

What did AT Still’s children die of?

Answer 5

Spinal menigitis

Question 6

What is significant about AT Still’s Dad’s death?

Answer 6

Caused him to turn away from traditional medicine.

Question 7

What date is cited for AT Still’s turning away from traditional medicine?

Answer 7

June 22, 1874

Question 8

What was the name of the first Osteopathic medical schools? When was it founded? What is significant about it’s first class?

Answer 8

American School of Osteopahty
October 1892
5 women out of 21 people

Question 9

Which was the first state to license DOs? the last state?

Answer 9

Vermont. Mississippi

Question 10

What was the dominant system of medicine that was practiced during the late 18th and first half of the 19th century?

Answer 10

Heroic Medicine: utilized blood letting, purghing of the stomach, and calomel (a poisonous mercury compound that induces loss of teeth) and arsenic

Question 11

Who is Samuel Thomson?

Answer 11

Made people SweaT because patients cannot build up heat.

Question 12

Who is Samual Hanemann

Answer 12

Started Homeopathy (the bets drug to cure the disease is the one that produces the symptom)

Question 13

What were the beliefs of Sylvester Graham?

Answer 13

If you are focused on fixed health, you won’t get ill.

Question 14

What is Hydropathy?

Answer 14

Surrounding people with water

Question 15

Who is Frank Mesmer?

Answer 15

Believed in invisible fluid in body (animal magnetism)

Question 16

What is A.T. Still’s early development of Osteopathy? how he practiced and the beginning of his teaching of Osteopathy?

Answer 16

• Then became “lightning bonesetter” by adding bonesetting
• Believed in “UNOBSTRUCTED BLOOD FLOW AND NERVE SUPPLY
• He started the American school of Osteopathy (October 1892) with 5 women students
• Still taught medicine while William Smith taught Anatomy.

Question 17

What are the growth and challenges of Osteopathic Medicine during the first half of the 20th century?

Answer 17

Growth:

• American Osteopathic Association (AOA) formed to 1) coordinate licensing efforts and insurance legislation; 2) set standards for education; 3) oversee research
• Spanish flu in 1918 increased used of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT)
• 1927- Pharmacology introduced in schools
• WWII: b/c DOs could not enlist in schools, increase in DO hospitals, but decreased use of OMT due to DOs trying to blend in
• 1950: Landmark case in Missouri gave DOs right to practice in all hospitals

Challenges:

• First graduates called themselves “anatomic engineers”
• Split segments of DOs : Broad (all inclusive medicine) vs. Lesion (A.T. traditional)
• Flexner report: reviewed and set medical standards (3 yrs college; 4 yrs med school; 1.5 yrs clinical work)
  
  • Reduced DO school # from 60+ to 7 schools

Question 18

What are the osteopathic events that occurred in California in the 1960s?

Answer 18

• Frustration of California DOs with lack of state support and only one training facility led them to talk about a merger between California Medical Association and California Osteopathic Association
• July 1961 - Merger occurred
  • > 2000 DOs paid $65 and got an MD Degree
  • physicians are now MDs, cannot call themselves DO or tell people they were DOs
  • no further licensing of DOs
  • No more teaching of osteopathic medicine. No more osteopathic association.
  • College of Osteopathic Association changed to California College of Medicine (UCI)
  • All specialists had to leave California since they could not practice their specialty due to lack of AMA residency
  • Also could not practice in any other state since their MD degrees were not recognized

Question 19

Which state/school took the lead after the events in California during the 1960s?

Answer 19

Michigan State University opened the first University based Osteopathic Medical school in 1970. This led to a large growth in medical schools.

Question 20

What direction did Osteopathic Medicine take in the late 20th century and into the 21st century?

Answer 20

• Large growth of osteopathic medical schools
• 1/2 of people see DO family practitioners
• rise in OMT

Question 21

What does the AOA mean and what do they do?

Answer 21

American Osteopathic Association (AOA):

1) coordinate licensing efforts and insurance legislation;
2) set standards for education;
3) oversee research