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PMLS 1 > [1] HISTORY OF MT IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT > Flashcards

[1] HISTORY OF MT IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT Flashcards

1
Q

He is known as the “Father of Medicine”

A

Hippocrates

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2
Q

Body fluids that are named “Four Humors”

A

Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, Black Bile

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3
Q

He wrote “uroscopy” and formulated the humoral pathology (source of person’s disposition and disease in ancient times)

A

Hippocrates

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4
Q

Was used as a marker for diagnosis

A

Urine

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5
Q

Excessive urination of the body (More than 2.5 Liters)

A

Polyuria

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6
Q

Normal urine excreted a day

A

2 Liters ONLY

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7
Q

Old way of testing urine

A

Uroscopy

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8
Q

3 things to check during urinalysis

A

Physical exam, chemical exam, microscopic analysis

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9
Q

Factors to check during physical exam of urine

A

Color, Clarity, Odor

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10
Q

It is defined as the urine that is freshly harvested, but with an unclear and murky appearance

A

Turbid urine

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11
Q

Strips with chemicals impregnated in it then dipped in urine to check for chemical reactions

A

Reagent strips

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12
Q

Recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine

A

Hindu physician

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13
Q

They conclude diabetes by observing the urine if ants are attracted to it

A

Greeks

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14
Q

They practiced immunization to smallpox

A

Chinese

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15
Q

They developed scalpels, forceps, specula, surgical needles

A

Romans

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16
Q

Practice of toxicology, distillation, pharmacy analysis and separation of minerals

A

Indians

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17
Q

He 1st described hematuria by correlating the presence of blood to the physiological function of kidney

A

Rufus of Ephesus

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18
Q

Tagged by Herodotus as the healthiest man

A

Early Egyptians

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19
Q

If a person experiences polyuria, what diseases can they possibly have?

A

Diabetes
Kidney stones
Bladder infection
Kidney failure

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20
Q

Advancements in technology, development of new scientific methods, discovery of disease-causing microorganisms, invention of microscope, cholera outbreak

A

Medieval Laboratory practices (16th-18th Century)

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21
Q

Cholera outbreak was traced by who?

A

Jon Snow

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22
Q

He invented the first microscope

A

Zacharias Janssen

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23
Q

Used microscope to investigate the causes of dsx

A

Athanasius Kircher

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24
Q

Published micrographia

A

Robert Hooke

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25
Q

Developed the gravimetric analysis of urine

A

Jean Baptiste van Helmont

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26
Q

Described protein in urine

A

Frederick Dekkers

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27
Q

Performed the 1st blood transfusion in animals

A

Richard Lower

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28
Q

Described the process of coagulation

A

Willian Hewson

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29
Q

Developed the yeast test for sugar in diabetic urine

A

Francis Home

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30
Q

Identified sugar in the blood and urine of diabetics

A

Matthew Dobson

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31
Q

Traces the beginning of Medical Technology

A

Vivian Herrick

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32
Q

Common name of intestinal parasites

A

Roundworm
Whipworm
Hookworm
Threadworm
Seat worm/pinworm

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33
Q

Believed that Medical Technology began when a book of treatment of diseases was published

A

Ebers Papyrus

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34
Q

3 stages of hookworm infection

A

Egg, larva, adult

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35
Q

Stated that Medical Technology began from medieval period

A

Ruth Williams

36
Q

They made the scientific observation that the urine of certain individuals attracted ants and the urine has a sweet taste

A

Early Hindu doctors

37
Q

Medical term for listening to body part; the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.

A

Auscultation

38
Q

What is sign?

A

Signs are objective evidences such as skin rash, redness of eye due to conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
A sign is a health issue that can be observed/ physically seen
Vital Signs include:
Heart rate (pulse),
Breathing rate
Temperature
Blood pressure

39
Q

What is a symptom?

A

Subjective evidence
Not physical
A symptom is the subjective experience of a potential health issue, which cannot be observed by a doctor
If you’re having symptoms, you’re the only person who can describe them.

40
Q

Give an example of symptoms

A

Stomach cramps, Headache, Fatigue

41
Q

Medical doctors diagnose diseases based on ____?

A

Appearances

42
Q

A process wherein a doctor differentiates between two or more conditions that could be behind a person’s symptoms.

A

Differential diagnosis

43
Q

Differentiate immunization from vaccination

A

IMMUNIZATION refers to the process of both getting the vaccine and becoming immune to the disease following vaccination while VACCINATION is the term used for getting a vaccine — that is, actually getting the injection or taking an oral vaccine dose

44
Q

True or False: If you are exposed to a certain disease, you can be exposed to it again without becoming infected.

A

TRUE (Body already produced antibodies)

45
Q

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) cause an acute disease called ?

A

Chicken pox

46
Q

Presence of blood in urine

A

Hematuria

47
Q

Presence of protein in the urine

A

Proteinauria

48
Q

Clotting of blood

A

Coagulation

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Vaccines contain weakened/attenuated/dead antigens while antitoxins contain antibodies

A

TRUE

50
Q

An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby. It also removes waste products from the baby’s blood.

A

Placenta

51
Q

The _______ attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby’s umbilical cord arises from it.

A

Placenta

52
Q

Foreign body/substance or infectious agents not normally present in our bodies

A

Antigen

53
Q

These are proteins that are produced by the immune system when we are exposed to antigens. They fight and ward off the so-called antigens.

A

Antibody

54
Q

These are proteins that are produced by the immune system when we are exposed to antigens. They fight and ward off the so-called antigens.

A

Antibody

55
Q

Used to produce antibodies

A

Vaccine

56
Q

Tricks the immune system into thinking that it is again seeing a pathogen, so antibody-producing cells, and other immune cells, are recalled into gear. The quantity and quality of antibodies that are produced can increase.

A

Booster shot

57
Q

An infection of the intestine caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria

A

Cholera

58
Q

A class of lab techniques used to determine the mass or concentration of a substance by measuring a change in mass

A

Gravimetric analysis

59
Q

Blood contains _______ and blood clotting factors which cause clotting when blood is exposed to air.

A

Fibrinogen

60
Q

Prevents any clots from forming

A

Anti-coagulant

61
Q

Both come from the liquid portion of the blood that remains once the cells are removed

A

Serum and plasma

62
Q

Obtained after clotting of blood

A

Serum

63
Q

Can be obtained before coagulation

A

Plasma

64
Q

The liquid that remains when clotting is prevented with the addition of an anticoagulant.

A

Plasma

65
Q

Contains fibrinogen which is absent in serum

A

Plasma

66
Q

SERUM is ____ while PLASMA is ____

A

Fluid ; Liquid

67
Q

Remains after the blood has clotted

A

Serum

68
Q

What are the 2 types of Immunity?

A

Innate/Natural Immunity ;
Adaptive/Acquired Immunity

69
Q

Examples of innate immunity.

A

Skin, cough reflex, mucus, white blood cells

70
Q

What are the two main types of white blood cells?

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

71
Q

_______ are type of white blood cells that has small granules.

A

Granulocytes

72
Q

It is a type of WBC that fights bacterial infections.

A

Neutrophil

73
Q

It is a type of WBC that fights parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophil

74
Q

It is a type of WBC that helps your body respond to allergic reactions.

A

Basophils

75
Q

_______ are white blood cells that have no distinct granules in their cytoplasm.

A

Agranulocytes

76
Q

It is a type of a WBC that is a part of the immune system

A

Lymphocytes

77
Q

It is a type of WBC that destroy the body’s own cells that have themselves been taken over by viruses or become cancerous.

A

T Cells / T lymphocytes

78
Q

It is a type of WBC that produces antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxin

A

B Cells / B lymphocyte

79
Q

It is a type of WBC that eat infectious agents or dead cells and are considered as phagocytes.

A

Monocytes

80
Q

These are the two types of adaptive/acquired immunity.

A

Active and Passive

81
Q

It is acquired from exposure to the disease organism through infection with the actual disease.

A

Adaptive Active Natural Immunity

82
Q

It is is acquired through the introduction of a killed or weakened form of the disease organism through vaccination.

A

Adaptive Active Artificial Immunity

83
Q

It is is provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.

A

Passive Immunity

84
Q

Give an example of Adaptive Passive Natural Immunity.

A

When pregnant, the mother passess maternal antibodies to fetus through placenta.
Maternal antibodies: transferred from mother to child

85
Q

Give an example of Adaptive Passive Artificial Immunity.

A

Injecting antitoxins which contains antibodies

86
Q

Antigen is being passed/acquired

A

Active Immunity

87
Q

Antibody is being passed/acquired

A

Passive Immunity

PMLS 1 (1 decks)

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