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ImmunoSero > (1) History of Immunology (RVSP) > Flashcards

(1) History of Immunology (RVSP) Flashcards

0
Q

Used by Chinese as a form of immunization

A

Dried powders from the crusts of smallpox lesions

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1
Q

Practiced inhalation of dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions

A

Chinese

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2
Q

Wrote an account on anthrax

A

Virgil

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3
Q

Outlined the symptoms of tetanus

A

Hippocrates

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4
Q

Practice of applying powdered smallpox crusts and inserting them with a pin into the skin

A

Variolation

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5
Q

Popularized variolation

A

Mary Wortley Mantagu

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6
Q

Year when immunology began

A

1796

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7
Q

Founding Father of Immunology

A

Edward Jenner

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8
Q

Best known for his experiments on smallpox vaccine

A

Edward Jenner

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9
Q

Began a pathway of discovery of the immune system, how it works and how it can be exploited to the benefit of man

A

Edward Jenner

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10
Q

Year when vaccination spread

A

1885

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11
Q

Developed vaccination

A

Louis Pasteur

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12
Q

Discovered how to prepare attenuated disease-causing microbes as vaccines against cholera, anthrax and rabies

A

Louis Pasteur

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13
Q

Worked on anaphylaxis

A

Charles Richet and Paul J. Portier

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14
Q

First to demonstrate that the protective effects of the immune system could also cause great damage to the body

A

Charles Richet

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15
Q

First to observe cellular phagocytosis

A

Elie Metchnikoff

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16
Q

Put forward first the idea of antibodies as molecular chains on the surface of cells

A

Paul Ehrlich

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17
Q

Discovered that antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus poisons could be given to patients to cure them from these diseases

A

Emil von Behring

Shibasaburo Kitasato

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18
Q

Awarded the first Nobel Prize for Medicine for his work in serum therapy

A

Emil von Behring

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19
Q

Developed a way to make pure cultures of bacteria

A

Robert Koch

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20
Q

Discovered cholera bacterium

A

Robert Koch

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21
Q

Identified the bacillus that causes TB and described the host response to it

A

Robert Koch

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22
Q

Discovered that complement was involved in lysis of red cells and was fixed by antibody in immune reactions, leading to bacteria being killed

A

Jules Bourdet

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23
Q

His findings were later used to develop a test for syphilis

A

Jules Bourdet

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24
Q

Discovered ABO blood groups

A

Karl Landsteiner

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25
Q

Discovered Rhesus factor

A

Karl Landsteiner

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26
Q

Developed drugs which block the action of histamine

A

Daniel Bovet

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27
Q

Found that many unpleasant symptoms of allergy are caused by histamine

A

Daniel Bovet

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28
Q

Showed that yellow fever is caused by a virus

A

Max Theiler

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29
Q

Discovered that yellow fever virus grown in culture weakened the strain that it would not cause disease, it acts as a vaccine

A

Max Theiler

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30
Q

They were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work in immunological tolerance and cellular immunity

A

F. Macfarlane Burnet

Peter Medawar

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31
Q

Their work focused on lymphocytes as the key players in the immune response

A

F. Macfarlane Burnet

Peter Medawar

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32
Q

They described the chemical structure of antibody molecules

A

Rodney Porter

Gerald Edelman

33
Q

Discovered the association of autoantibodies with insulin-resistant diabetes

A

Rosalind Yallow

Soloman Berson

34
Q

Developed a very sensitive method for measuring the concentration of hormones in the blood using specific antibodies and a radioactive antigen

A

Rosalind Yallow

35
Q

Method developed by Rosalind Yallow

A

Immunoassay

36
Q

They demonstrated the importance of the genes which govern the antigen presenting molocules on cell surfaces: MHC genes

A

Baruj Benacerraf
George Snell
Jean Dausset

37
Q

Controls the immune response to infection and are also very important in transplant rejection

A

Major histocompatibility complex genes

38
Q

They were recognized for the development of the technique for making monoclonal antibodies

A

Cesar Milstein

George Kohler

39
Q

Had the idea of antigens selecting the appropriate antibody-bearing cells

A

Niels K. Jerne

40
Q

They recieved the Nobel Prize for their work on transplantation immunology

A

E. Donal Thomas

Joseph Murray

41
Q

Worked in the organization of antibody genes and demonstrated how so many antibody patterns could be produced by such a limited number of genes

A

Susumu Tonegawa

42
Q

His ideas were important in understanding the structure and formation of the T cell receptor

A

Susumu Tonegawa

43
Q

First demonstrated that antigen processing was first necessary for T cells to recognize an antigen

A

Emil Unanue

44
Q

Responsible for the discoveries relating to antigen processing by macrophages

A

Emil Unanue

45
Q

Introduced phagocytosis

A

Baruj Benacerraf

46
Q

Demonstrated that MHC genes could control the ability of an animal to mount an immune response to a specific epitope

A

Baruj Benacerraf

47
Q

First to demonstrate that the thymus played a significant role in the development of the immune response

A

Dr. Jacques Miller

48
Q

Demonstrated that antigen was either trapped on macrophages or on the surface of dendritic cells

A

Dr. Gus Nossal

49
Q

Showed that an antigen, when appropriately presented, caused some lymphocytes to develop into plasma cells

A

Dr. Gus Nossal

50
Q

Discovered the antiviral substance they called ‘interferon’

A

Alic Isaacs

Jean Lindenmann

51
Q

Awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the structure of antibodies

A

Rodney Porter

52
Q

First to use bone marrow allografts to treat leukemia patients

A

Donnal Thomas

53
Q

Devised a way of increasing Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in hispatients in a form of septic shock

A

William Coley

54
Q

Performed the first recorded form of tumor immunotherapy

A

William Coley

55
Q

Able to isolate a retrovirus from a non-immunodeficient homosexual with lymphadenopathy

A

Luc Montaigner

56
Q

Studied the structure of IgA in saliva and demonstrated that the IgA was locally synthesized in the salivary glands

A

Dr. Thomas Tomasi

57
Q

Increased our understanding of the mechanisms in allergy and anaphylaxis by analyzing these products

A

Frank Austen

58
Q

Provided the experimental basis for understanding tolerance

A

Ray Owen

59
Q

Observed that some nonidentical twin cattle were incapable of an immune response against their nonidentical sibling

A

Ray Owen

60
Q

Early pioneer in the study of the human major histocompatibility complex

A

Jean Dausset

61
Q

Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by lymphocytes

A

James Gowans

62
Q

Developed the quantitative precipitin assay

A

Michael Heidelberger

63
Q

Postulated the cellular origin of antibodies

A

Paul Ehrlich

64
Q

Formulated the side chain theory of antibody formation

A

Paul Ehrlich

65
Q

Observed humoral or circulating factors called opsonins

A

Almoth Wright

66
Q

Discovered delayed hypersensitivity

A

Clemens von Pirquet

67
Q

Formulated the genetic theory of tumor transplantation

A

Clarence Little

68
Q

Provided evidence that antibodies are gamma globulins

A

Arne Tiselius

Elvin Kabat

69
Q

Introduce flourescence labeling of antibodies

A

Albert Coons

70
Q

Introduced adjuvants

A

Jules Freund

71
Q

Used skin grafts to show that tolerance is an acquired characteristic of the lymphoid cells, a key feature of the clonal selection theory

A

Peter Medawar

72
Q

Worked out the genetics on murine MHC and generated the congenic strains needed for its biologic analysis

A

George Snell

73
Q

Discovered immunoglobulins as ‘transporteurs’

A

Pierre Grabar

74
Q

Developed precipitin test in gels and the idotypes

A

Jacques Ouidin

75
Q

Developed double immunodiffusion test in gels

A

Orjan Ouchterlony

Stephen Elek

76
Q

Discovered plasma cells as antibody-producing cells

A

Astrud Fargaeus

77
Q

Provided experimental evidence of acquired immunologic tolerance

A

Milan Hasek

78
Q

Made discoveries about the structure of immunoglobulins, the first complete sequence of antibody molecule

A

Gerald Edelman

79
Q

Discovered IgE as reaginic antibody

A

Kimishige Ishizaka

80
Q

Discovered that the bursa of Fabricius is responsible for generating the cells capable of making antibodies (B cells)

A

Noel Warmer

ImmunoSero (3 decks)

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