1 Historiography: Development In The West Flashcards by SPORTS UP

Who is considered the founder of modern historiography?
a) Karl Marx
b) René Descartes
c) Voltaire
d) Leopold von Ranké

(Answer: c) Voltaire

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What is the key characteristic of modern historiography?
a) Narrating myths
b) Chronology-based evidence
c) Objective truth supported by evidence
d) Divine explanations

(Answer: c) Objective truth supported by evidence

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Which scholar introduced the “archaeology of knowledge”?
a) Michel Foucault
b) Voltaire
c) Karl Marx
d) Hegel

(Answer: a) Michel Foucault

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What does “Dialectics” in history involve?
a) A focus on emotions
b) Logical analysis using opposites
c) Narratives based on divinity
d) Political analysis only

(Answer: b) Logical analysis using opposites

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Who wrote The Histories?

(Answer: Herodotus)

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What term is used for the scientific study of coins in historical research?

(Answer: Numismatics)

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Who emphasized the importance of using original documents for historical research?

(Answer: Leopold von Ranké)

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What school of thought studies transitions and collective psychology in history?

(Answer: Annales School)

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Which university in Germany established an independent department of history in 1737 CE?
a) Berlin University
b) Göttingen University
c) Heidelberg University
d) Frankfurt University

(Answer: b) Göttingen University

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What does the Annales School focus on apart from political events?
a) Class struggles
b) Climate, local people, and trade
c) Historical linguistics
d) Religious texts

(Answer: b) Climate, local people, and trade)

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Which historian proposed the concept of Dialectics?
a) Voltaire
b) Karl Marx
c) Hegel
d) Michel Foucault

(Answer: c) Hegel

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Who wrote Reason in History?
a) Leopold von Ranké
b) Hegel
c) Karl Marx
d) Voltaire

(Answer: b) Hegel

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What is the study of inscriptions called?

(Answer: Epigraphy)

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Which historian wrote Das Kapital?

(Answer: Karl Marx)

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What concept by Hegel involves thesis, antithesis, and synthesis?

(Answer: Dialectics)

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What term refers to the study of lineage in historical research?

(Answer: Genealogy)

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What are the four characteristics of modern historiography?

(Answer: It is anthropocentric, raises relevant questions, relies on evidence, and presents a logical graph of mankind’s journey.)

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How did the Annales School expand the scope of history?

(Answer: It emphasized the study of geography, local people, economy, climate, and collective psychology in history.)

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Why is Leopold von Ranké important in historiography?

(Answer: He emphasized the use of original documents and critical methods to discover historical truth.)

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How did Karl Marx redefine history?

(Answer: He stated that history is the history of class struggles shaped by access to means of production.)

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In which year was the Göttingen University, the first to have an independent department of history, founded?
a) 1720 CE
b) 1737 CE
c) 1745 CE
d) 1751 CE

(Answer: b) 1737 CE

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When did Herodotus, known as the “Father of History,” live?
a) 6th century BCE
b) 5th century BCE
c) 4th century BCE
d) 3rd century BCE

(Answer: b) 5th century BCE

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Who wrote the book Discourse on the Method in 1637?
a) Voltaire
b) René Descartes
c) Hegel
d) Karl Marx

(Answer: b) René Descartes

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In which century did the Annales School emerge in France?
a) 18th century
b) 19th century
c) Early 20th century
d) Mid-20th century

(Answer: c) Early 20th century

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In what year was Das Kapital by Karl Marx first published? a) 1860 b) 1867 c) 1871 d) 1875

(Answer: b) 1867

What year was Michel Foucault born?

(Answer: 1926)

Which year marks the establishment of the first department of history in Europe?

(Answer: 1737)

Who is credited with being the "Father of Modern Historiography"?

(Answer: Voltaire)

What term did Herodotus first use for his book, The Histories?

(Answer: History)

Which philosopher's work was titled Reason in History?

(Answer: Hegel)

In which year did René Descartes publish Discourse on the Method?

(Answer: 1637)

What significant contribution did Voltaire make to historiography?

(Answer: He introduced the study of social traditions, trade, and economy alongside chronology.)

How did the 18th century mark a shift in European historiography?

(Answer: Universities began studying history independently, focusing on scientific and objective methods.)

Why is Herodotus called the "Father of History"?

(Answer: He was the first to document historical events systematically in his book, The Histories.)

What did Hegel believe about the timeline of historical events?

(Answer: He believed it reflects progress and that history evolves with new evidence and perspectives.)

Which historian believed that history reflects the progress of humanity? a) Michel Foucault b) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel c) Voltaire d) Karl Marx

(Answer: b) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

What was the key idea of Leopold von Ranké regarding historical research? a) Focus on political events b) Use only authentic, original documents c) Emphasize imaginative storytelling d) Ignore chronology in history

(Answer: b) Use only authentic, original documents

Who is associated with the feminist perspective in historiography? a) Simone de Beauvoir b) René Descartes c) Hegel d) Voltaire

(Answer: a) Simone de Beauvoir

What is the concept proposed by Michel Foucault for studying transitions in history? a) Dialectics b) Synthesis c) Archaeology of Knowledge d) Class Theory

(Answer: c) Archaeology of Knowledge

What does Das Kapital, written by Karl Marx, mainly focus on? a) Class struggles and means of production b) Chronology of historical events c) The study of religious traditions d) Transition of societies over time

(Answer: a) Class struggles and means of production)

Who first used the term "History" in a systematic manner?

(Answer: Herodotus)

What school of historiography emerged in early 20th-century France?

(Answer: Annales School)

Who introduced the idea of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis?

(Answer: Hegel)

What does the term "Historiography" refer to?

(Answer: Writing of critical historical narratives)

Which historian wrote Reason in History?

(Answer: Hegel)

What are the four main characteristics of modern historiography?

(Answer: It is anthropocentric, relies on evidence, uses scientific methods, and aims to present logical human progress.)

How did Voltaire expand the scope of historiography?

(Answer: By emphasizing social traditions, economy, and culture along with political events and chronology.)

What was René Descartes' key rule for historical research?

(Answer: Never accept anything as true without eliminating all grounds for doubt.)

Why is feminist historiography important?

(Answer: It emphasizes women's contributions to history and challenges the male-dominated historical perspective.)

How does Michel Foucault's "archaeology of knowledge" differ from traditional historiography?

(Answer: It focuses on explaining transitions rather than arranging events chronologically.)

Which ancient civilization is known for recording historical events as early as 4500 BCE? a) Indus Valley Civilization b) Sumer Civilization c) Egyptian Civilization d) Greek Civilization

(Answer: b) Sumer Civilization

What is the primary focus of modern historiography? a) Mythological analysis b) Study of divine interventions c) Objective truth and human progress d) Personal anecdotes of rulers

(Answer: c) Objective truth and human progress

Which historian critiqued imaginative narration in history? a) Voltaire b) Leopold von Ranké c) Michel Foucault d) Karl Marx

(Answer: b) Leopold von Ranké

What is the primary method used in historical research according to modern historiography? a) Divine interpretations b) Laboratory experiments c) Analysis of reliable evidence d) Reproduction of historical events

(Answer: c) Analysis of reliable evidence

Who wrote Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences? a) Voltaire b) Karl Marx c) Hegel d) Michel Foucault

(Answer: c) Hegel

Which French historian emphasized transitions rather than chronology in history?

(Answer: Michel Foucault)

Which historian insisted on understanding historical events logically?

(Answer: Hegel)

What year marks the founding of Göttingen University?

(Answer: 1737)

What branch of historiography emphasizes women's perspectives?

(Answer: Feminist Historiography)

What was Voltaire's contribution to historiography?

(Answer: He emphasized studying all aspects of human life, including society, economy, and traditions, alongside chronology.)

How did the Annales School redefine historiography?

(Answer: It expanded the scope of history to include climate, geography, economy, and psychology.)

What did Karl Marx say about the nature of human history?

(Answer: He stated that human history is fundamentally shaped by class struggles and economic systems.)

What are the six auxiliary sciences helpful for historiography?

(Answer: Archaeology, Epigraphy, Numismatics, Manuscriptology, Paleography, and Genealogy.)

Who wrote Discourse on the Method? a) Michel Foucault b) René Descartes c) Voltaire d) Hegel

(Answer: b) René Descartes

Which book by Voltaire is associated with his contribution to historiography? a) The Secret of World History b) The Histories c) Essays on the Customs and the Spirit of Nations d) Reason in History

(Answer: c) Essays on the Customs and the Spirit of Nations

Das Kapital is a renowned work written by which historian? a) Voltaire b) Karl Marx c) Hegel d) Leopold von Ranké

(Answer: b) Karl Marx

Which historian’s work, Archaeology of Knowledge, focuses on transitions in history? a) Michel Foucault b) Voltaire c) René Descartes d) Hegel

(Answer: a) Michel Foucault

Which book contains Hegel’s philosophy of history? a) The Theory and Practice of History b) Reason in History c) Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences d) The Secret of World History

(Answer: b) Reason in History