1. Historical Landmarks in Pharmacology Flashcards
What is a pharmacopeia?
Who made the first one?
A book containing an official list of medicinal drugs together with articles on their preparation and use
First one made by Pedanius Dioscorides describing over 600 medicinal plants
Who were the 5 scientists involved in the discovery of nerve signal transmission?
(Discovery of how a signal is transmitted from one nerve to another across a synapse)
Which ones got Nobel prizes?
John Newport Langley Thomas Elliot Paul Ehrlich Otto Loewi Sir Henry Dale
Paul Ehrlich + no name won Nobel prize for physiology and medicine in 1908
Otto Loewi + Sir Henry Dale won Nobel prize for physiology and medicine in 1936 for discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulse
What was John Newport Langley responsible for in nerve signal transmission?
John Newport Langley observed the similarity in response in tissues produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation and extracts from adrenal medulla
Credited with discovery of drug receptors
What was Thomas Elliot responsible for in nerve signal transmission?
Thomas Elliot was first to propose the concept of chemical neurotransmission when suggested that Adrenalin was secreted by the sympathetic nerves
What was Paul Ehrlich responsible for in nerve signal transmission?
Paul Ehrlich proposed toxins and nutritive substances bind selectively to what he called specific receptor molecules
What was Otto Loewi responsible for in nerve signal transmission?
Otto Leowi took two frog hearts and showed that when vague nerve of one frog heart is stimulated it releases a chemical which slows rate of first heart which was innervated
Also showed stimulation of sympathetic nerve released a different chemical which increases heart rate
What was Sir Henry Dale responsible for in nerve signal transmission?
Made contributions to to chemical theory of synaptic neurotransmission
Coined terms adrenergic and cholinergic
What was Frederick Banting’s contribution to type I diabetes?
Did he win a Nobel prize?
Hypothesized the pancreas released a substance that metabolized glucose
Performed experiments on dogs
Won Nobel prize with JJR Macleod in medicine or physiology
What was Alexander Fleming’s big discovery with medicine?
Did he win a Nobel prize?
Accidentally discovered penicillin
Left his lab without cleaning anything, when he returned he saw mold on a dish with a clear area around it where it couldn’t spread
Identified the mold as penicillin notatum
First antibiotic
Won Nobel prize in medicine or physiology for discovery of penicillin
What is Sir John Vanes big discovery in medicine?
Did he win a Nobel prize?
Through experiments of guinea pigs lungs, discovered the mechanism by which ASPIRIN relieves pain and reduces inflammation
Awarded Nobel prize for medicine or physiology for discovery of prostaglandins and related biologically active substances
What was Sir James Blacks big discovery in medicine?
Did he win a Nobel prize?
Discovered drug netherlide (first beta receptor blocker)
Also developed drug cimetidine
Won a Nobel prize in medicine or physiology for discovery of receptor selective drugs
What was Robert Furchgott’s big discovery in medicine?
Was he awarded a Nobel prize?
Purposed that the endothelial cells of blood vessels were releasing a substance that relaxed blood vessels
Awarded Nobel prize in medicine or physiology for discovery concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in cardiovascular system
What are all the names that won Nobel prizes?
Paul Ehrlich Otto Loewi Sir Henry Dale Frederick Banting Alexander Fleming Sir John Vane Sir James Black Robert Furchgott
