Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > 1: Herbals and Supplements > Flashcards

1: Herbals and Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

difference b/w dietary supplement and a drug

A

dietary supplements:

  • can’t be sold as drugs
  • can’t say they are good for any disease state
  • CAN say helps you relax/etc.
  • can’t patent

essentially don’t have definitive proof for FDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dietary Supplement and Non-Rx Drug Consumer Protection Act (DSHEA)

A
  • 2006

- required manufacturer to report serious adverse effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

St. John’s Wort - where found, uses

A
  • perennial weed in USA, Europe, Asia (hypericum perforatum)
  • for mild/moderate depression
  • clinical studies show efficacy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

St. John’s Wort - active ingredients, mechanism, side effects

A
  • active ingredients: hyperforin, hypericin
  • induces CYP3A4, 2C9, P-gp
  • AE: photosensitivity, reduced efficacy of some drugs (oral contraceptives!!)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Echinacea - uses, actions

A
  • for common cold and flu

- immunostimulant - potential decreased Sx and duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Echinacea - active ingredients, side effects, contraindications

A
  • active: polysaccharides, chicoric acid, alkamides
  • AE: minimal - GI upset, headache
  • don’t use in kids
  • don’t take more than 10d
  • don’t use in patients using immunosuppressants or with immunodeficiency/autoimmune diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ginkgo - uses, actions

A
  • proven for peripheral vascular disease
  • unproven to prevent cognitive impairment or dementia
  • antagonize platelet activating factor
  • increase NO release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ginkgo - active ingredients, side effects, contraindications

A
  • flavone glycosides, terpenoids, antioxidants
  • AE: headache, GI upset, some bleeding
  • don’t use with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs
  • don’t use for epileptics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ginseng - uses, actions

A
  • some evidence for preventing colds, cancer, and reducing postprandial blood glucose levels
  • stimulates immune system
  • antiplatelet activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ginseng - active ingredients, contraindications

A
  • triterpenoids (ginsenosides)
  • methylxanthines - caffeine like effect
  • don’t use with antipsychotics, estrogens, hypoglycemics, or anticoagulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Garlic = allium sativum - uses, actions

A
  • may reduce incidence of some cancers
  • not proven to reduce LDL cholesterol
  • anti-vampire

-antiplatelet, fibrinolytic, antioxidant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Garlic - active ingredients, contraindications

A
  • contains organosulfur compounds including allicin

- don’t co-administer with anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Milk Thistle = silybum marianum - uses, actions

A
  • some anti-inflammatory activities
  • reduced leukotriene formation
  • reduced leukocyte migration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Milk Thistle - side effects

A
  • few AE or drug interactions reported

- no clear evidence for prevention of alcoholic liver cirrhosis or other hepatotoxicities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Red clover = trifolium pratense - uses, actions

A
  • phytoestrogen
  • may prevent hot flashes, osteoporosis, and CV disease
  • may bind estrogen receptor and cause selective estrogen-mediating effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Soy bean = glycine max - uses, actions

A
  • phytoestrogen
  • may prevent hot flashes, osteoporosis, and CV disease
  • may bind estrogen receptor and cause selective estrogen-mediating effects
17
Q

Saw palmetto = serenoa repens - uses, actions

A
  • no clear evidence for improvement of symptoms of BPH

- phytosterols inhibit 5a reductase in vitro (enzyme that forms active form of testosterone)

18
Q

Saw palmetto - side affects, contraindications

A
  • low incidence of side effects

- no reported drug interactions

19
Q

vitamin C supplement

A
  • MDR based on deficiency symptoms
  • high doses = immunostimulant, antioxidant
  • regular supplementation decreases duration of colds
20
Q

vitamin E supplement

A
  • dangerous!
  • claims cardioprotective over 800 IU/day
  • meta-analysis showed increased death with 400 IU
  • safe up to 130 IU/day
  • MDR 30 IU/day
21
Q

coQ 10 (ubiquinone) - uses, actions

A
  • electron carrier in mitochondria of all tissues
  • highest in heart, some in brain
  • decreases with age
  • used in therapy of mitochondrial disease (ex: Leigh’s encephalomyopathy)
  • some benefit in ischemic heart disease
22
Q

coQ - side effects

A

-may increase bleeding with warfarin

23
Q

Leigh’s encephalomyopathy

A
  • ataxia, decreased growth

- familial defect in coQ 10 synthesis

24
Q

melatonin - uses, actions

A
  • principal indoleamine in pineal gland
  • synthesis controlled by light
  • 5 methoxy-N-acetyl tryptamine (lipid soluble)
  • 0.3 - 8 mg p.o. used as sleep aid and for jet lag
  • metabolized by CYP1A2
25
Q

melatonin - side effects, contraindications

A
  • drowsiness and ataxia
  • synergistic with alcohol
  • may interfere with warfarin action
26
Q

dietary supplements for osteoarthritis

A
  • mixed results in clinical trials for improvement of function and reduction of pain
  • glucosamine: substrate for production of articular cartilage
  • chondroitin sulfate: proteoglycan may modify extracellular matrix to stabilize articular cartilage
  • largest clinical trial to date found no benefit
  • AE: may increase bleeding in patients on warfarin

Pharm (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions