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Computing unit 1 > 1 Hardware > Flashcards

1 Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

Role of the Control Unit

A

Supervises the fetch decode execute cycle

Sends and receives Signals from all parts of the computer

Decodes instructions

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2
Q

Role of ALU

A

Processes and manipulates data

Carries out simple arithmetic or logic operations

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3
Q

General role of the registers

A

Store details and results of instructions

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4
Q

Properties of registers

A

Temporary fast action storage

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5
Q

Role of CIR

A

Current instruction register

Stores instructions currently being executed

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6
Q

Role of PC

A

Program counter

Stores memory location of next instruction to be carried out

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7
Q

Role of MAR

A

Memory address register

Stores memory location where data is being written to or read from

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8
Q

Role of ACC/Accumulator

A

Stores calculation results

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9
Q

Role of address bus

A

Carries memory address of next instruction/bit of data to be retrieved

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10
Q

Role of data bus

A

Transfers instructions and data

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11
Q

Control bus

A

Used to communicate with other parts of computer - carries control info

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12
Q

Cache memory definition

A

Fast access temporary storage on the CPU

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13
Q

How increasing cache memory affects performance

A

More cache memory - faster performance time

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14
Q

Advantages of cache memory
Disadvantage of cache memory

A

✅ can be accessed quickly so programs run faster
❌ expensive

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15
Q

Clock speed definition

A

Speed at which processor operates - instructions executed per second

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16
Q

How clock speed affects performance

A

Faster clock speed
More fetch decode execute cycles per second - more instructions executed per second
Instructions are processed faster

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17
Q

RISC definition

A

Reduced instruction set computer
Can process a large number of simple instructions

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18
Q

RISC ✅

A

✅ can process simpler instructions quickly
Less power consumption, less heat generated, less circuitry needed

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19
Q

CISC definition

A

Complex instruction set computer
Processes a large number of complex instructions

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20
Q

CISC ✅ and ❌

A

✅ complex instructions can be processed quickly without having to be broken down into smaller ones
❌ larger circuitry, more energy and heat generated

21
Q

RAM summary

A

Temporary, can be changed, volatile

22
Q

ROM summary

A

Permanent, can’t be changed, non-volatile

23
Q

Volatile definition

A

Data is lost when power is switched off

24
Q

Flash memory summary

A

Permanent, can be changed, non-volatile

25
Q

Why store BIOS in flash memory rather than ROM

A

Can be upgraded (as flash can be both written to and read from many times)

26
Q

Cache memory definition

A

Temporary storage of frequently accessed data and instructions accessed directly but the CPU

27
Q

Cache memory summary

A

Temporary, volatile, can be changed, QUICKER THAN RAM

28
Q

Secondary storage definition

A

Known as backing store - stored when data is no longer actively used

29
Q

Why is secondary storage used

A

When data is no longer actively used - used for retrieval at a later date

30
Q

Magnetic disc (internal hard drive) use,

A

Storing files permanently in the computer

31
Q

Magnetic disc (internal hard drive) durability (⭐️), portable?, speed (⭐️)

A

Durability: ⭐️
Portable: no
Speed: ⭐️⭐️⭐️

32
Q

External magnetic disc durability (⭐️), portable?, speed (⭐️)

A

Durability: ⭐️
Portable: yes
Speed: ⭐️⭐️⭐️

33
Q

External magnetic disc use

A

Backing up large amounts of work commercially

34
Q

Optical disc durability (⭐️), portable?, speed (⭐️)

A

Durability: ⭐️
Portable: yes
Speed: ⭐️

35
Q

Flash disc use

A

Transporting data from school to home

36
Q

Flash disc durability (⭐️), portable?, speed (⭐️)

A

Durability: ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Portable: yes
Speed: ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

37
Q

Solid state definition

A

No moving parts

38
Q

SD (secure digital card) definition

A

In cameras

39
Q

SD (secure digital card) durability, portable?, speed

A

Durability:⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Portable: yes
Speed:⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

40
Q

Data capacity definition

A

The amount of data a storage device can hold

41
Q

Smallest unit of data

A

Bit

42
Q

Order of units of data

A

Bit, (nybble), B KB MB GB TB PB EB ZB YB
Kangaroos munch grass, turtles paint every zombie yellow (thanks chat gpt)

43
Q

GPU role

A

Rapidly manipulates and alters memory
Helps computer by performing the calculations needed to produce graphics on screen

44
Q

What is the GPU where can it be found

A

Specialised chip and circuit board
Can be on CPU circuitry or graphics card

45
Q

Sound card role

A

Takes sound input as analogue data and converts it into digital data to be processed and vice versa

46
Q

Motherboard role

A

Main circuit board, connects components used in computer system (e.g. CPU, memory, peripherals)

47
Q

Embedded system definition and examples

A

Combination of software and hardware created for a specific purpose
E.g. washing machine, automatic doors

48
Q

Optical disc
CD
DVD
Blu ray
Use

A

Storing multimedia files

Computing unit 1 (9 decks)

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