1-Greek Nouns and Adjectives Flashcards
a- (an- before a vowel or h)
not, without, lacking, deficient
ie: a-biogenesis, a-sthenia, cardi-a-sthenia, an-algesia, an-hydrous
anti- (ant- often before a vowel or h; hyphenated before i)
against, opposed to, preventing, relieving
ie: anti-biotic, ant-acid
di- (rarely dis-)
two, twice, double
ie: di-ataxia, dis-diaclast
dys-
difficult, painful, defective, abnormal
ie: dys-ostosis, dys-genesis, dys-trophy
ec- (ex- before a vowel)
out of, away from
ie: ectasis, ectopic, exencephalia
ecto- (ect- often before a vowel)
outside of
ie: ecto-derm, ect-ostosis
en- (em- before b, m, and p)
in, into, within
ie: en-cephalitis, em-physema, em-bolism
endo-, ento- (end-, ent- before a vowel)
within
ie: endo-genous, endo-cardium, ent-optic
epi- (ep- before a vowel or h)
upon, over, above
ie: epi-cardium, epi-dermis, ep-encephalon
exo-
outside, from the outside, toward the outside
ie: exo-cardia, exo-crine,
hemi-
half, partial; (often) one side of the body
ie: hemi-cardia, hemi-plegia
hyper-
over, above, excessive, beyond normal
ie: hyper-hidrosis, hyper-glycemia
hypo- (hyp- before avowel or h)
under, deficient, below normal
ie: hypo-dermic, hyp-algesia
mono- (mon- before a vowel or h)
one, single
ie: mono-blast, mono-neuritis, monocular
peri-
around, surrounding
ie: peri-cardiac, peri-laryngitis
syn- (sym- before b, p, and m; then assimilates or is dropped before s)
together, with, joined
ie: syn-apse, syn-thetic, sy-stolic
Note that words can have more than one prefix, and that a prefix can follow a combining form.
ie: hyper-exo-phoria, cardi-ec-tomy
Note that words can have more than one prefix, and that a prefix can follow a combining form.
ie: hyper-exo-phoria, cardi-ec-tomy
-a
forms abstract nouns: state, condition
ie: dyspne-a, rhinorrhe-a
-ac (rare)
forms adjectives: pertaining to, located in
ie: cardi-ac, celi-ac
-ia
forms abstract nouns; often the suffix -ia appears as -y: state, condition
ie: anem-ia, hypertoph-y
-iac (rare)
forms nouns: person afflicted with:
ie: hemophil-iac, hypochondr-iac, man-iac
-iasis
forms abstract nouns: disease, abnormal condition, abnormal presence of: often used with the name of a parasitic organism to indicate infestation of the body by that organism
ie: elephant-iasis, nephrolith-iasis
-ic
forms adjectives: pertaining to, located in; words ending in -ic can be used as both adjectives and nouns and, as nouns, often indicate a drug or agent:
ie: analges-ic, gastr-ic
also, words ending in -ic can refer to a person suffering from a certain disability or condition: parapleg-ic, anorex-ic
-in, -ine
form names of substances:
ie: adrenal-in, antitox-in, chlor-ine
-ist:
forms nouns: a person interested in:
ie: cardiolog-ist, orthodont-ist
-itic
forms adjectives: pertaining to; pertaining to inflammation; words ending in -itic can be used as both adjectives and nouns and, as nouns, often indicate a drug or agent:
ie: antineur-itic, nephr-itic
-itis:
forms nouns indicating an inflamed condition: inflammation:
ie: gastr-itis, hepat-itis, laryng-itis
-itides
is the plural form for wods ending in -itis:
arthr-itides, dermat-itides
-ium (rarely -eum)
forms nouns; membrane, connective tissue:
ie: endometr-ium, pericard-ium, perton-eum
-ma
forms nouns: (often) abnormal or diseased condition. The combining form for nouns ending in -ma is -mat-. Sometimes the final -a drops off in the noun.
ie: ede-ma, tra-ma, sper-m, trau-mat-ic
-osis
forms nouns: abnormal or diseased condition
ie: nephr-osis, scler-osis, neur-osis, sten-osis
-otic
forms adjectives from nouns ending in -osis: pertaining to:
ie: nephr-otic, neur-otic, sten-otic
-sia
forms abstract nouns: state, condition
ie: amn-sia, ecta-sia
-sis
forms abstract nouns: state, condition
ie: antisep-sis, paraly-sis
-tic
forms adjectives from nouns ending in -sis: pertaining to; words ending in -tic can be used as both adjectives and nouns and, as nouns, often indicate a drug or agent:
ie: antisep-tic, paraly-tic
-y
forms abstract nouns (see -ia)
Words can have more than one suffix. Sometimes the suffix -iac or -ic is affixed to the noun-forming suffix -sia or sis. When this occurs, the only vestige left of the noun-forming suffix is the -s:
ie amne-sia amne-sic, amne-s-iac
Words can have more than one suffix. Sometimes the suffix -iac or -ic is affixed to the noun-forming suffix -sia or sis. When this occurs, the only vestige left of the noun-forming suffix is the -s:
ie amne-sia amne-sic, amne-s-iac
A suffix can appear in the middle of a word affixed to a combining form:
ie: hemat-in-emia, hepat-ic-o-enterostomy
A suffix can appear in the middle of a word affixed to a combining form:
ie: hemat-in-emia, hepat-ic-o-enterostomy
acanth-
thorn, spine
alg-
pain
alges-
sensitivity to pain
all-
other, divergence, difference from
angi-
(blood) vessel, duct
arteri-
[air passage] artery
arthr-
joint
bi-
life
brady-
slow
cardi-
heart
cephal-
head
crani-
skull
cyt-
[hollow container] cell
encephal-
brain
erythr-
red, red blood cell
lept-
thin, fine, slight
leuk-
white, white blood cell
lith-
stone, calculus
log-
word, study
malac-
soft
mes-
middle, secondary, partial, mesentery
-meter, metr-
measure, measuring device
nephr-
kidney
neur-
[tendon] nerve, nervouse system
oste-
bone
prosop-
face
prot-
first, primitive, early
scler-
hard
sten-
narrow
stere-
solid, having three dimensions
tachy-
rapid
tox(i)
poisin
