1. General Principles Flashcards
3 month old normal development
roll, grab, smile, laugh
6 month old normal development
sit up, raking grasp, switch hands/move object, stranger anxiety, schmooze/ coo
9 month old normal development (P hint)
pull self to standing, pincer grasp, able to play pat a cake, parent/separation anxiety, papa-single words, recognizes own name, object permanence
12 month old normal development
stands tall, walk by one, track objects & points
18 month old normal development
climbs stairs, uses cups & cutlery, complains- throws tantrums, calls objects by name- potty training begins
2 yr old
uses 2 legs to run, may not engage with peers yet but engages with parents and family, 200 word vocab, 2 word sentences, follows 2 step commands
3 yr old
able to ride tricycle, draw circle , 3 people- start playing w/ peers, toliet trained successful, 1000 word vocab. Constantly asks WHY
4yr old
four limb dexterity- hop and balance on one leg, draw a square and cross, figments- may have imaginary friends, full sentences and storytelling. Two colors
5 yr old
uses 5 fingers to play with a jump rope, uses 5 fingers to dress and groom self, button a button & tie shoes. Counts up to 10
milestones for premature infants
adjust back by how many weeks/ months they are early. Ex: 12 weeks early (28wks) 6 month milestones at 9 months old. Until around 2 yr old milestones
appropriate number of blocks stacked by age
3 X year old they are
-3 at 1yr
6 at 2 yr
Overall trend in development is more important than specific timelines, what test to use if doubt?
M-CHAT, modified checklist for austism in toddlers
What screening & preventive care measures at every pediatric visit?
height, weight, bp, development/behavior, age appropriate concerns
when to introduce solid foods?
4 to 6 months, wait until 1 yr for honey and cows milk
daily recomendation for activity in kids?
60 mins per day
how often should head circumference be measured?
every visit until 2 yrs
whats the first growth vital to become abnormal?
Weight, then height and last head circ
Define Failure to thrive
-head circ, weight & height less than 5th percentile for age, weight less than 80% for age, or weight that drops two or more major lines on growth curve. Typically pyschosocial or functional problems not organic
what causes 95% of obesity in children? 5%?
95% due to overeating and low exercise, 5% cushings, prader-willi or other organic causes
Increased head circ in kids?
Decreased?
-hydrocephalus or tumor
- microcephaly( torch infection toxoplasmosis, syphilis, HIV, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, zika or aneuploidy)
when are hearing & vision screened?
at lest omce by age 4yr old, measure every few years or more if history dictates
What should you worry about for hearing loss in pediatrics?
-bacterial meningitis esp hemophilus influenzae sensorineural hearing loss of CN 8
-congenital Torch infections
-measles & mumps
-chronic middle ear effusions or chronic/ recurrent otitis media
-ototoxic drugs- aminoglycosides, furosemide
Red reflex?
-see red when light shined at pupil due to underlying fundus. Check at birth and thereafter for congenital cataracts, strabismus or ocular tumors.
When do you see white on eye instead of red reflex?
cataracts & tumors- known as leukocoria classically due to retinoblastoma
