1: Fungal infection Flashcards
3 types of fungi that cause infection?
zygomycota, basidiomycota, ascomycota
Describe immunity to funal infection
INNATE immunity more important than adaptive
Phagocytes - first line of defense
Opsonization
NK cells produce interferon gamma
FAILURE of innate leads to adaptive immune response (Dendritic cells, Th1)
Explain Dectin-1 deficiency
Causes primary mucocutaneous
What is CARD9 and what can deficiency cause?
Adaptor molecule downstream of C-type lectins
Important for fungal detection/signalling
Required for TNF-a production in response to beta-glucan sitmulation
Deficiency in CARD9 -> Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
What is Dectin 1 and what can deficiency cause?
C-type lectin
Major fungal pattern receptor
Binds candida
Deficiency in Dectin 1 -> primary mucocutaneous candiditis (impaired macrophage response to fungal infection)
Dectin 1 mutation -> susceptibillity to invasive aspergillosis in stem cell transplantation
What is TLR4 and what can deficiency cause?
Toll-like receptor
Work together with C-type lectins to amplify response to fungal infection
TLR4 mutation -> Risk of invasive aspergillosis in patients with stem cell transplant
Plasminogen alleles are linked to what disease?
They influence susceptibility to aspergillosis in stem cell transplantation
Which immune cells are important for aspergillus infection
Macrophages are not important
Neutrophils form ‘nets’ and are most important for the innate response to aspergillus infection
Dendritic cells modulate ADAPTIVE immune responses
Adaptive T cell interferon-gamma responses augment host immunity to fungi
Interferon-gamma or adoptive T cell therapy have emerging utility for the treatment of fungal infections
What is the treatment for someone with Chronic Granulomatous disorder?
Primary immunodeficiency disorder
Use GENE THERAPY
