1. Fundamentals

Question 1

Define binocular vision

Answer 1

Simultaneous perception of 2 images, one from each eye

Question 2

Define binocular single vision

Answer 2

Simultaneous use of the two eyes to give a single mental impression

Question 3

Why is lateral placement of eyes beneficial? Who is it essential for?

Answer 3

increases visual field.
This is important for hunted herbivore animals e.g. rabbit

Question 4

Why is front facing placement of eyes beneficial? Who is it essential for?

Answer 4

Allows stereopsis that improves distance judgements.
This is important for carnivorous hunters so they can accurately locate prey.

Question 5

What’s so important about having 2 eyes.

Answer 5

1. Back up eye. (incase of injury to one)
2. Larger field of view
3. Binocular summation
4. stereopsis: depth perception

Question 6

Why is stereopsis important?

Answer 6

1. Figure ground segregation (The brain’s ability to distinguish objects from their background.)
2. Avoiding collisions with looming objects
3. Effectively navigating our environment
4. Eye hand coordination

Question 7

What is simultaneous perception?

Answer 7

Ability to see two images

Question 8

What are the 2 types of fusion?

Answer 8

Sensory fusion and motor fusion

Question 9

What is sensory fusion?

Answer 9

Ability to percieve the two images as one image

Question 10

What is motor fusion?

Answer 10

The ability to maintain a single fused image using vergence movements.

Question 11

What are the 2 reference frames? Explain them

Answer 11

1. Oculocentric- Postion of objects signalled relative to fovea
2. Egocentric - Position of object signalled relative to a single reference point within our head.

Question 12

What is local sign?

Answer 12

The visual direction of a stimulus

Question 13

Draw a diagram for visual direction / spatial localisation.

Answer 13

.

Question 14

Draw a diagram for retinal correspondence

Answer 14

.

Question 15

What is the cyclopean eye and draw it

Answer 15

Describes how the brain combines input of retinal correspondence points from both eyes

Question 16

Draw a diagram for reference frames in terms of the eye moving from a stationary object like a tree

Question 17

Draw a diagram for reference frames in terms of the eye not moving but an object like a car moves

Question 18

What is a horopter?

Answer 18

Set of points in space that are seen as one image when viewed with both eyes

Question 19

What does zero disparity mean?

Answer 19

The points fall on corresponding retinal points. Target points from both eyes are percieved as at the same distance

Question 20

What is the theoretical horopter also known as and draw it

Answer 20

Veith mueller circle

Question 21

What is the empirical horopter

Answer 21

The horopter formed from actual experimentation. Stimuli in space was presented until the stimulus was on the horopter - no diplopia

Question 22

What are the similarities and differences between empirical and theoretical horopters?

Answer 22

Similarities:
1. Zero disparity
2. Locus of single binocular vision
3. stimulate corresponding points

Difference:
1. Emipircal horopter is flatter
2. Emipircal horopter is derived from experiments