1. Fundamentals Flashcards
Define binocular vision
Simultaneous perception of 2 images, one from each eye
Define binocular single vision
Simultaneous use of the two eyes to give a single mental impression
Why is lateral placement of eyes beneficial? Who is it essential for?
increases visual field.
This is important for hunted herbivore animals e.g. rabbit
Why is front facing placement of eyes beneficial? Who is it essential for?
Allows stereopsis that improves distance judgements.
This is important for carnivorous hunters so they can accurately locate prey.
What’s so important about having 2 eyes.
- Back up eye. (incase of injury to one)
- Larger field of view
- Binocular summation
- stereopsis: depth perception
Why is stereopsis important?
- Figure ground segregation (The brain’s ability to distinguish objects from their background.)
- Avoiding collisions with looming objects
- Effectively navigating our environment
- Eye hand coordination
What is simultaneous perception?
Ability to see two images
What are the 2 types of fusion?
Sensory fusion and motor fusion
What is sensory fusion?
Ability to percieve the two images as one image
What is motor fusion?
The ability to maintain a single fused image using vergence movements.
What are the 2 reference frames? Explain them
- Oculocentric- Postion of objects signalled relative to fovea
- Egocentric - Position of object signalled relative to a single reference point within our head.
What is local sign?
The visual direction of a stimulus
Draw a diagram for visual direction / spatial localisation.
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Draw a diagram for retinal correspondence
.
What is the cyclopean eye and draw it
Describes how the brain combines input of retinal correspondence points from both eyes
Draw a diagram for reference frames in terms of the eye moving from a stationary object like a tree
Draw a diagram for reference frames in terms of the eye not moving but an object like a car moves
What is a horopter?
Set of points in space that are seen as one image when viewed with both eyes
What does zero disparity mean?
The points fall on corresponding retinal points. Target points from both eyes are percieved as at the same distance
What is the theoretical horopter also known as and draw it
Veith mueller circle
What is the empirical horopter
The horopter formed from actual experimentation. Stimuli in space was presented until the stimulus was on the horopter - no diplopia
What are the similarities and differences between empirical and theoretical horopters?
Similarities:
1. Zero disparity
2. Locus of single binocular vision
3. stimulate corresponding points
Difference:
1. Emipircal horopter is flatter
2. Emipircal horopter is derived from experiments
