1. Functional Anatomy Flashcards
What is Arthralgia?
Joint pain when joint appears normal on examination
What is Arthritis?
Evidence of joint inflammation
What are Osteoblasts?
Cells that synthesise bone matrix
What is an Osteoid?
Unmineralised bone matrix
What is an Osteocyte?
Mature osteoblasts encased in bone matrix
What is an Osteoclast?
A cell that resorbs bone
What is modelling?
Formation of bone
What is Remodelling?
Breakdown & renewal of bone
What is an Osteophyte?
Bony projection at point
Name 4 ways to assess joint point
- Distribution of joints affected
- Presence of morning stiffness
- Aggravating and relieving factors
- Past medical and family history
What is Enthesitis?
Inflammation at the site of attachment of the ligaments, tendons and joint capsules
Name the 7 parts of a synovial joint and their main function
Nerves - Detect pain
Joint synovial cavity - Potential space, small amount of synovial fluid
Articular capsule - 2 layered
Outer capsule: Fibrous capsule of irregular dense tissue
Inner capsule: Synovial membrane of loose connective tissue(makes synovial fluid)
Blood vessels - Rich blood supply and extensive capillary beds
Articular cartilage - Hyaline, spongy cushions absorb that protects the end of bones
Synovial joints - Contains glycoproteins that nourish cartilage and suctions as slippery lube
Reinforcing ligaments - Capsular-thickened, extra capsular and intracapsular.
What is synovial fluid?
- Clear, pale yellow, viscous guild that does not clot.
- High content of hyaluronic acid
What is Hyaluronic Acid?
- Non-Polysaccharide composed of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
- Gives lubrication
- Assumed that both fibroblasts beneath synovial membrane to produce this.
What is a Bursa?
- Flattened sac lines by synovial membrane
- Area where ligaments, muscles, tendons or bones overlie & run together
