(1) Forces and Motion Flashcards
Plot and explain distance time graphs
- If the gradient is getting steeper it means the speed is increasing/if the gradient is getting flatter it means the speed is decreasing.
- Label axis
- Origin always starts at zero
- Line of best fit should go through as many points as possible
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Know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and time take
average speed = distance moved/time taken
s = d/t
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Practical
Investigate the motion of everyday objects such as a toy car or tennis ball
“C:\Users\iga.m\OneDrive - Oundle School\Pictures\Screenshots\physic light gate.png”
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Know and use the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken
acceleration=change in velocity/time taken
a= (v-u)/t
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Plot and explain velocity time graphs
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Go to OneNote 3phR and go to motions page 20221010 V-T graphs
Determine acceleration from the gradient of a velocity-time graph
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Determine the distance travelled from the area between a velocity-time graph and the time axis
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Use the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved
- (final speed)² = (initial speed)² + (2 x acceleration x distance moved)
- v² = u² + (2 x a x s)
Describe the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction
- Changes in speed: Forces can cause bodies to speed up or slow down.
- Changes in direction: Forces can cause bodies to change their direction of travel.
- Changes in shape: Forces can cause bodies to stretch, compress, or deform.
Identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic
Contact Forces:
* Friction
* Air resistance
* Tension
* Normal reaction force
* Upthrust
* Thrust
Non-Contact Forces:
* Gravitational force
* Magnetic force
* Electrostatic force
Understand how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities
A vector quantity is a quantity with both magnitude and direction.
A scalar quantity is a quantity with only magnitude
Understand that force is a vector quantity (+ all the vector and scalar quantities)
Everything in brackets is not specified in spec sheet.
Scalar quantities:
* Density
* Temperature
* Area
* Volume
* Energy
* Mass
* Speed
* Distance
* Length
* Pressure
Vector Quantities:
* Velocity
* Force
* Acceleration
* Weight
* Displacement
Calculate the resultant force
of forces that act along a line
Go to page one introduction of forces
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Know that friction is a force that ____ motion
opposes
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Know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass and acceleration
force = mass x acceleration
f = m x a
Know and use the relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength
weight = mass x gravitation field strength
w = m x g
Know that the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the ???????? distance and the ??????? distance
- Stopping
- Braking
Describe the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road condition and reaction time
Speed:
* The faster the speed the longer the length traveled in the thinking and braking distances.
Mass:
* The heavier the vehicle the longer the length traveled in the thinking and braking distances.
Road Condition:
* Condition of brakes
* Condition of tyres
* Ice/rain on roads
Reaction Time:
* Alcohol - dulls senses
* Drugs - dulls senses
* Tiredness - dulls senses
* Distractions - reduces reaction time
Describe the forces acting on falling objects (and explain why falling objects reach a terminal velocity)
Weight of object ↓and Air resistance ↑ (Falling objects reach a terminal velocity when the air resistance has the same force as the weight of object meaning the object won’t accelerate anymore).
Practical
Investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands
extension is directly proportional to applied force
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Know that the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with ?????? ???
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s Law
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
Elastic behaviour
The ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation have been removed.
Know and use the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity
momentum = mass x velocity
p = m x v
Use the idea of momentum to explain safety features
Seatbelts are stretchy to increase the time taken so it can decrease the force of the impact
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Use the conservation of momentum to calculate the mass, velocity or momentum of objects
Total momentum of the objects before the collision = Total momentum of the objects after the collision
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Use the relationship between force, change in momentum and time taken
force = change in momentum/time taken
F = (mv - mu)/t
Demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s third law
‘If an object A exerts a force on an object B, then object B will exert and equal and opposite force back on object A’
Example in 4th form OneNote page, Forces, class notes, Page i
Know and use the relationship between the momentum of a force and its perpendicular distance from the pivot
moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot
Know that the weight of the body acts through its ??????? ?? ???????
Centre of gravity
Use the principle of momemts for a simple system of parallel forces acting in one plan
???
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Understand how the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam
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