1. Fire Dynamics Flashcards
Meeting point between
fire science,
material science,
fluid dynamics of gas,
and heat transfer.
Fire Dynamics
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The study of matter and energy and includes chemistry and physics.
Physical science
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Capacity to perform work
Energy
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Occurs when a force is applied to an object over a distance or when a substance undergoes a chemical,physical, or biological change.
Work
P12
The fire triangle illustrates the elements and conditions required for this mode of combustion.
Nonflaming combustion
P17
Occurs when a gaseous fuel mixes with oxygen in the correct ratio and heats to ignition temperature.
Flaming combustion
P17
The fire tetrahedron accurately reflects the conditions required for ______ combustion.
Flaming
P17
Complete combustion of methane in air results in the production of
____
____
____
and ____
Heat
Light
Water Vapor
and Carbon Dioxide
P19
A toxic and flammable product of incomplete combustion of organic (carbon containing) materials.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
P19
Chemical asphyxiant. Poisoning is sometimes a lethal condition in which molecules attached to the hemoglobin decreasing the bloods ability to carry oxygen. Does not act on the body but excludes oxygen from the blood leading to hypoxia of the brain and tissue.
CO Poisoning
P20
Enters the bloodstream and prevents the blood from using oxygen properly, killing the cell.
Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
P21
The force per unit of area applied perpendicular to a surface.
Pressure
P22
The thermal kinetic energy needed to release the potential chemical energy in fuel
Heat
P22
The measurement of the average kinetic energy in the particles of a sample of matter
Temperature
P23
Common sources of heat that result in the ignition of a fuel. Most frequently ignition source in a structure fire.
3 Answers
Chemical
Electrical
Mechanical
P 23
The most common source of heat in combustion reactions.
Chemical energy
P23
Electrical current flowing through a conductor produces heat.
Resistance heating
P25
When the current flowing through a conductor exceeds its design limits.
Overcurrent or overload
P25
The transfer of heat from one point or object to another is part of the study of ____.
Thermodynamics
P26
Heat transfer from the initial fuel package (burning object) to other fuels in and beyond the area of fire origin affects the growth of any fire and is part of the study of ____.
Fire Dynamics
P26
The oxidized or burned material/substance in the combustion process.
Fuel/ Reducing Agent
P31
____ fuels, such as hydrogen or magnesium, do not contain carbon.
Inorganic
P31
The rate at which energy transfers.
The rate at which energy converts from one form to another.
Power
P32
The standard international (SI) unit for power.
Watt (W)
P32
In terms of our behavior, ____ Is the heat release rate during combustion.
Power
P32
Heat Release Rate is expressed in ____
Kilowatts (kW)
or
Megawatts (MW)
P 32
Vapor pressure of the substance in the amount of thermal energy applied to it determines the ____.
Rate of Vaporization
P 34
Temperature at which a piloted ignition of sufficient vapors will begin a sustained combustion reaction. Commonly used to indicate the flammability hazard of liquid fuels.
Fire Point
P34
Describes the extent to which a substance will mix with water
Solubility
P34
At various points in the combustion of methane, this process results and production of ____ and ____, which are both flammable and toxic.
Elements released when methane molecules break down ____ (2 Answers)
These combine combine with oxygen to form ____ and ____.
Carbon Monoxide & Formaldehyde ——— Carbon & Hydrogen ——— Carbon Dioxide (CO) & Water (H2O)
P40
Three key factors that control how the fire develops:
Fuel Properties
Ventilation Available
Heat Conservation
P41
Occurs when all combustible materials in a compartment are burning at their peak heat release rate based on available oxygen.
Fully Developed
P42
Understanding fire dynamics is largely understanding of everything that happens during the ____.
Growth Stage
P44
In a structure fire, the method by which the fire receives the needed oxygen to sustain the combustion reaction occurs through one of many ____.
Flow Paths
P59
The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area is referred to as ____.
Fuel Load
P65
Any open space with no complete fire barrier dividing it
Compartment
P70
The place were fire dynamics and building construction interact
Structure Fire
P70
Term used to describe the temp at which steel begins to weaken:
Critical temperature of steel
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